The US Census and the People's Health: Public Health Engagement From Enslavement and "Indians Not Taxed" to Census Tracts and Health Equity (1790-2018)
The US Census and the People's Health: Public Health Engagement From Enslavement and "Indians Not Taxed" to Census Tracts and Health Equity (1790-2018)
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2019.305017
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Krieger, Nancy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krieger, Nancy
长期以来，公共卫生专业人员在塑造（而不仅仅是使用）美国人口普查数据方面发挥了至关重要的作用，尽管这一作用受到了低估，以便为良好治理和健康公平提供所需的事实证据。自1790年出现以来，美国人口普查已成为一个关键的政治工具，因为美国宪法的新任务是通过十年一次的全国人口普查来分配政治代表。美国人口普查对人口和地点进行分类和计数的方法对政府的每一个分支和级别以及美国各州之间和州内的资源和代表性都有深远的影响。使用健康公平的透镜，以考虑如何在每一代人的政治斗争和人口普查数据的特点，本文认为公共卫生的参与与美国人口普查的三个基本要素的持久影响的三个例证：其治疗奴隶制，土著人口和政治的地方。这一历史突出表明，公共卫生在产生和使用普查数据的治理价值观和愿景中具有重大利害关系。
Public health professionals have long played a vital-albeit underappreciated-role in shaping, not simply using, US Census data, so as to provide the factual evidence required for good governance and health equity. Since its advent in 1790, the US Census has constituted a key political instrument, given the novel mandate of the US Constitution to allocate political representation via a national decennial census. US Census approaches to categorizing and enumerating people and places have profound implications for every branch and level of government and the resources and representation accorded across and within US states. Using a health equity lens to consider how public health has featured in each generation's political battles waged over and with census data, this essay considers three illustrations of public health's engagement with the enduring ramifications of three foundational elements of the US Census: its treatment of slavery, Indigenous populations, and the politics of place. This history underscores how public health has major stakes in the values and vision for governance that produces and uses census data.