Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness
Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1418490112
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发表时间：
2015-01-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Czeisler, Charles A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chang, Anne-Marie;Aeschbach, Daniel;Czeisler, Charles A.
在过去的50年里，平均睡眠时间和质量有所下降，对整体健康造成了不利影响。最近对1,508名美国成年人进行的一项代表性调查显示，90%的美国人每周至少有几个晚上在睡前1小时内使用某种电子产品。来自世界各国的越来越多的证据表明，使用这种技术对睡眠产生了负面影响。这种对睡眠的负面影响可能是由于这些电子设备发射的短波长富集光，因为人造光暴露在实验中已经被证明可以产生警报效应，抑制褪黑素，并使生物时钟相移。一些报告显示，这些设备抑制了褪黑激素水平，但对其对昼夜节律或随后的睡眠事件的影响知之甚少，这暴露了我们对这项日益流行的技术如何影响睡眠的认识存在很大差距。在这里，我们比较了在发光设备上阅读电子书(le-ebook)和在睡前几个小时阅读印刷书籍的生物效应。与阅读纸质书相比，阅读电子书的参与者入睡时间更长，晚上的困倦程度减少，褪黑激素分泌减少，生物钟的计时更晚，第二天早上的警觉性也降低。这些结果表明，晚上接触电子书会延迟生物钟，显著抑制褪黑激素，并对理解此类技术对睡眠、性能、健康和安全的影响具有重要意义。
In the past 50 y, there has been a decline in average sleep duration and quality, with adverse consequences on general health. A representative survey of 1,508 American adults recently revealed that 90% of Americans used some type of electronics at least a few nights per week within 1 h before bedtime. Mounting evidence from countries around the world shows the negative impact of such technology use on sleep. This negative impact on sleep may be due to the short-wavelength-enriched light emitted by these electronic devices, given that artificial-light exposure has been shown experimentally to produce alerting effects, suppress melatonin, and phase-shift the biological clock. A few reports have shown that these devices suppress melatonin levels, but little is known about the effects on circadian phase or the following sleep episode, exposing a substantial gap in our knowledge of how this increasingly popular technology affects sleep. Here we compare the biological effects of reading an electronic book on a light-emitting device (LE-eBook) with reading a printed book in the hours before bedtime. Participants reading an LE-eBook took longer to fall asleep and had reduced evening sleepiness, reduced melatonin secretion, later timing of their circadian clock, and reduced next-morning alertness than when reading a printed book. These results demonstrate that evening exposure to an LE-eBook phase-delays the circadian clock, acutely suppresses melatonin, and has important implications for understanding the impact of such technologies on sleep, performance, health, and safety.