EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATE-CANCER
EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATE-CANCER
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DOI：
10.1002/1097-0142(19950401)75:7
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发表时间：
1995-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
GIOVANNUCCI, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GIOVANNUCCI, E
遗传和外源性因素在前列腺癌的发展中可能都很重要，但具体原因仍然知之甚少。越来越多的证据表明，高动物脂肪或红肉摄入量似乎会增加患这种癌症的风险。一些研究表明，大量摄入视黄醇可能是有害的，但β-胡萝卜素可能降低风险，尽管这些数据不一致。β-胡萝卜素以外的类胡萝卜素与前列腺癌风险的关系现在才被研究。正在进行的流行病学研究可能有助于澄清饮食与前列腺癌之间的关系。大多数研究表明，输精管切除术的男性患前列腺癌的风险增加，尽管这种关联是否是因果关系尚不清楚。家庭因素很重要，特别是在年轻的时候。总的来说，大约9%的病例可能直接归因于前列腺癌的家族史，尽管在55岁以下的男性中，这一比例可能高达43%。没有职业因素被确认为风险因素。一些证据表明，职业接触镉和农业的某些方面可能会适度增加风险，但这些将占总病例的一小部分。饮食因素似乎最有希望进行初级预防，但需要更好地了解确切的因素和机制。
Both genetic and exogenous factors are probably important in prostate cancer development, but the specific causes remain poorly understood. An increasing body of evidence now suggests that high animal fat or red meat intake appears to increase risk for this cancer. Some studies indicate that high intake of retinol may be deleterious, but beta-carotene may lower risk, although these data are inconsistent. Carotenoids other than beta-carotene are only now being examined in relation to prostate cancer risk. Ongoing epidemiologic studies may help clarify the relation between diet and prostate cancer. Most studies indicate that men who have had a vasectomy have an increased risk for prostate cancer to develop, although whether this association is causal is unknown. Familial factors are important, particularly at younger ages. Overall, about 9% of cases may be attributed directly to a family history of prostate cancer, although this may be as high as 43% among men younger than 55 years. No occupational factor has been confirmed as a risk factor. Some evidence suggests that occupational exposure to cadmium and some aspect of farming may increase risk moderately, but these would account for a small proportion of the total cases. Dietary factors appear to hold the most promise for primary prevention, but the precise factors and mechanisms need to be better understood.