The eggstraordinary story of how life begins.

The eggstraordinary story of how life begins.
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DOI:
10.1002/mrd.23083
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发表时间:
2019-01
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Fissore RA
Fissore RA
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Parrington J;Arnoult C;Fissore RA

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自从从小鼠睾丸/精子特异性PLC的基因组搜索中鉴定出PLCzeta 1(PLC β)以来已经过去了超过15年。该分子被认为是精子因子,负责启动哺乳动物卵子激活和胚胎发育所需的钙(Ca 2+)振荡。支持这一作用的证据来自记录其在所有哺乳动物和其他脊椎动物物种中的表达的研究,通过将其mRNA注射到哺乳动物和非哺乳动物卵母细胞中诱导的生理性Ca 2+升高,以及在ICSI失败的不育男性中缺乏表达。在过去的一年里,遗传动物模型增加了对它作为长期追求的精子因子的支持。在这篇综述中,我们强调的研究结果表明,钙的作用,作为通用的卵子激活信号和实验积累,最终与PLC的识别作为可溶性精子因子。我们还讨论了结构的功能特性,使PLC振荡器特别适合引起鸡蛋振荡。最后,我们研究PLC的功能和调节的未解决的问题,以及它是否是哺乳动物精子中唯一的精子因子。
More than 15 years have elapsed since the identification of PLCzeta 1 (PLCζ) from a genomic search for mouse testis/sperm specific PLCs. This molecule was proposed to represent the sperm factor responsible for the initiation of calcium (Ca2+) oscillations required for egg activation and embryo development in mammals. Supporting evidence for this role emerged from studies documenting its expression in all mammals and other vertebrate species, the physiological Ca2+ rises induced by injection of its mRNA into mammalian and non-mammalian oocytes, and the lack of expression in infertile males that fail ICSI. In the last year, genetic animal models have added support to its role as the long sought-after sperm factor. In this review, we highlight the findings that demonstrated the role of Ca2+ as the universal signal of egg activation and the experimental buildup that culminated with the identification of PLCζ as the soluble sperm factor. We also discuss the structural-functional properties that make PLCζ especially suited to evoke oscillations in eggs. Lastly, we examine unresolved aspects of the function and regulation of PLCζ and whether or not it is the only sperm factor in mammalian sperm.
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