Persistent decadal differences in plant communities assembled under contrasting climate conditions
Persistent decadal differences in plant communities assembled under contrasting climate conditions
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在对比气候条件下聚集的植物群落持续存在十年差异
DOI：
10.1002/eap.2823
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Baer, Sara G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eckhoff, Kathryn D.;Scott, Drew A.;Manning, George;Baer, Sara G.
由于环境的变化，植物群落组装的结果可能取决于建立年份（年份效应）。随机事件，如年际变化的气候，特别是在社区大会的第一年，有助于不可预测的社区结果在短期内，但不知道是否年效应产生短暂或持续的状态在十年的时间尺度。为了测试建立年气候对社区集会结果的短期（5年）和持续（十年）影响，我们在四个不同的年份（2010年，2012年，2014年和2016年）使用相同的方法恢复了农田中的草原，这些年份捕获了广泛的初始（种植）年气候条件。物种组成进行了测量5年，在所有四个恢复草原和9年和11年的两个最古老的恢复草原建立在平均降水量和极端干旱条件下。四个组装的社区的组成表现出很大的和显着的差异，在恢复的第一年，随着时间的推移，动态变化沿着一个类似的轨迹，由于临时冲洗的年度志愿者物种。播种多年生物种最终占主导地位的所有社区，但社区仍然彼此不同，在第五年。建立年6月和7月的降水解释了短期的粗略群落指标（即，物种丰富度和草/杂类草覆盖），与潮湿的建立年导致更高的草覆盖和干燥的建立年导致更高的杂类草覆盖在恢复的社区。在平均降水和干旱条件下建立的草原中，群落组成、物种丰富度和草/杂类草覆盖的短期差异持续了9-11年，长期来看，每个草原的组成年际变化很小，表明在十年时间尺度上持续存在不同的状态。因此，气候随机变化所产生的年效应可能对群落聚集结果产生十年效应。
Plant community assembly outcomes can be contingent upon establishment year (year effects) due to variations in the environment. Stochastic events such as interannual variability in climate, particularly in the first year of community assembly, contribute to unpredictable community outcomes over the short term, but less is known about whether year effects produce transient or persistent states on a decadal timescale. To test for short‐term (5‐year) and persistent (decadal) effects of establishment year climate on community assembly outcomes, we restored prairie in an agricultural field using the same methods in four different years (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016) that captured a wide range of initial (planting) year climate conditions. Species composition was measured for 5 years in all four restored prairies and for 9 and 11 years in the two oldest restored prairies established under average precipitation and extreme drought conditions. The composition of the four assembled communities showed large and significant differences in the first year of restoration, followed by dynamic change over time along a similar trajectory due to a temporary flush of annual volunteer species. Sown perennial species eventually came to dominate all communities, but communities remained distinct from each other in year five. Precipitation in June and July of the establishment year explained short‐term coarse community metrics (i.e., species richness and grass/forb cover), with wet establishment years resulting in a higher cover of grasses and dry establishment years resulting in a higher cover of forbs in restored communities. Short‐term differences in community composition, species richness, and grass/forb cover in restorations established under average precipitation and drought conditions persisted for 9–11 years, with low interannual variability in the composition of each prairie over the long term, indicating persistently different states on a decadal timescale. Thus, year effects resulting from stochastic variation in climate can have decadal effects on community assembly outcomes.