Evidence of Nonconscious Stereotyping of Hispanic Patients by Nursing and Medical Students
Evidence of Nonconscious Stereotyping of Hispanic Patients by Nursing and Medical Students
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DOI：
10.1097/nnr.0b013e31829e02ec
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Focella, Elizabeth S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bean, Meghan G.;Stone, Jeff;Focella, Elizabeth S.
背景：目前关于医疗保健中的无意识刻板印象的研究受到以下两个方面的限制：强调实践医生对非裔美国人患者的信念，以及严重依赖一种无意识过程的措施，该措施允许参与者在有动机表现出不偏不倚的情况下对他们的行为施加控制。目的：本研究调查了护理和医学生是否表现出使用潜意识启动患者种族的任务来无意识地激活关于拉美裔患者的刻板印象。研究假设，与非西班牙裔白人面孔相比，被试在潜意识暴露于西班牙裔面孔后会表现出更大的不合规和健康风险刻板印象的激活，而且由于种族是在意识之外启动的，控制偏见的显性动机不会抑制刻板印象的激活。方法：护理和医科学生完成了一项顺序启动任务，该任务测量了他们在潜意识接触西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人面孔后识别与不合规和健康风险相关的单词的速度。结果：与非西班牙裔白人面孔相比，护生和医科学生在潜意识接触西班牙裔面孔后，都表现出更多的不依从和健康风险词汇的激活。控制偏见的显性动机并没有抑制刻板印象的激活。讨论：这些发现表明，无论他们是否有公平对待拉美裔的动机，护理和医科学生在遇到拉美裔时都会无意识地激活负面刻板印象。文中还讨论了影响因素。
Background: Current research on nonconscious stereotyping in healthcare is limited by an emphasis on practicing physicians' beliefs about African American patients and by heavy reliance on a measure of nonconscious processes that allows participants to exert control over their behaviors if they are motivated to appear nonbiased.Objectives: The present research examined whether nursing and medical students exhibit nonconscious activation of stereotypes about Hispanic patients using a task that subliminally primes patient ethnicity. It was hypothesized that participants would exhibit greater activation of noncompliance and health risk stereotypes after subliminal exposure to Hispanic faces compared with non-Hispanic White faces and, because ethnicity was primed outside of conscious awareness, that explicit motivations to control prejudice would not moderate stereotype activation.Methods: Nursing and medical students completed a sequential priming task that measured the speed with which they recognized words related to noncompliance and health risk after subliminal exposure to Hispanic and non-Hispanic White faces. They then completed explicit measures of their motivation to control prejudice against Hispanics.Results: Both nursing and medical students exhibited greater activation of noncompliance and health risk words after subliminal exposure to Hispanic faces, compared with non-Hispanic White faces. Explicit motivations to control prejudice did not moderate stereotype activation.Discussion: These findings show that, regardless of their motivation to treat Hispanics fairly, nursing and medical students exhibit nonconscious activation of negative stereotypes when they encounter Hispanics. Implications are discussed.