Coordination of knowledge in communication: effects of speakers' assumptions about what others know.
Coordination of knowledge in communication: effects of speakers' assumptions about what others know.
复制标题
沟通中知识的协调：说话者对其他人所知的假设的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.62.3.378
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Krauss,RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fussell,SR;Krauss,RM
两对研究探讨了沟通中的观点采择的影响，使用2阶段的方法，首先获得人们的估计识别他人的特定刺激（公众人物和日常物品），然后研究这些估计的影响信息制定在一个参考的沟通任务。被试善于估计刺激的可识别性，但对自己的知识方向存在偏差。指称表达中的信息量与受话者识别目标刺激的可能性成反比。然而，效果没有预期的那么强。尽管交际者确实会考虑他人的知识，但他们这样做的程度涉及到与交际情境中其他类型信息的权衡。
Two pairs of studies examined effects of perspective taking in communication, using a 2-stage methodology that first obtained people's estimates of the recognizability to others of specific stimuli (public figures and everyday objects) and then examined the effects of these estimates on message formulation in a referential communication task. Ss were good at estimating stimulus identifiability but were biased in the direction of their own knowledge. The amount of information in a referring expression varied inversely with the perceived likelihood that addressees could identify the target stimulus. However, effects were less strong than anticipated. Although communicators do take others' knowledge into account, the extent to which they do so involves a trade-off with other sorts of information in the communicative situation.