Does the Study of Culture Enrich Our Understanding of Autism? A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Life on the Spectrum in Japan and the West
Does the Study of Culture Enrich Our Understanding of Autism? A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Life on the Spectrum in Japan and the West
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DOI：
10.1177/00220221231169945
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发表时间：
2023-05-07
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Cross，Liam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atherton，Gray;Morimoto，Yuko;Cross，Liam
自闭症谱系障碍是一种神经发育障碍，其中人们的特征是他们的社会差异。因此，自闭症行为通常被认为偏离了由特定文化决定的正常或神经典型的与世界互动的方式。这篇理论性的文章探讨了一个关于自闭症谱系障碍的文化模型，以及西方的“正常”理想如何主导自闭症相关的话语。为了说明这一点，《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》（第5版; DSM-5;美国精神病学协会[阿帕]）的描述进行了讨论，关于西方和相反，日本的文化习俗。从几个领域的跨文化研究揭示了被认为是“正常”的跨文化固有的主观性。此外，对日本自闭症患者及其家庭的患病率和生活经历的研究揭示了理解非西方国家神经发育状况的复杂性。本文讨论了自闭症的文化背景下，并建议进一步跨文化研究，可以进一步建立在残疾的文化模式的领域。
Autism spectrum condition is a neurodevelopmental condition in which people are characterized by their social differences. As such, autistic behaviors are often identified as deviating from what is considered normal or neurotypical ways of interacting with the world as dictated by a particular culture. This theoretical article explores a cultural model of disability concerning autism spectrum condition and how Western ideals of “normality” dominate autism-related discourses. To illustrate this point, theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(5th ed.;DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA]) descriptors are discussed concerning Western and, in contrast, Japanese cultural practices. Cross-cultural research from several domains reveals the subjectivity inherent to what is considered “normal” across cultures. In addition, research into the prevalence and lived experiences of autistic people and their families in Japan reveals the complexity of understanding neurodevelopmental conditions in non-Western countries. The article discusses autism in the context of culture and suggests further areas for cross-cultural research that can further build on the cultural model of disability.