Skeletal dysplasias in art and antiquities: A cultural journey through genes, environment, and chance
Skeletal dysplasias in art and antiquities: A cultural journey through genes, environment, and chance
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艺术和古董中的骨骼发育不良：基因、环境和机遇的文化之旅
DOI：
10.1002/ajmg.c.31908
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Botto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Botto
骨骼发育不良的人在世界各地的艺术和文物中留下了痕迹，包括古埃及，古典希腊，撒哈拉以南非洲，亚洲和欧洲。这些痕迹记录了骨骼发育不良的人对社会和文化的影响-在日常生活中，宗教和神话。然而，识别（“诊断”）人工制品中的骨骼发育不良并解释这些发育不良在其创建的文化中的含义是极其具有挑战性的，有时甚至是不可能的。这个简短而必要的选择性调查的目的是通过不同的年龄和文化提出一些艺术的例子，作为讨论的跳板，不仅对潜在的医学诊断，而且对软骨发育不良的人的生活，以及他们如何在他们生活的社会中被重视。这些文物选自古埃及、古希腊、中美洲（玛雅）、撒哈拉以南非洲（贝宁王国）、中国唐代和世纪欧洲。在某些情况下，幸存的文物与骨骼发育不良的可能免除是少数和他们的文化背景不完全理解。然而，某些主题和态度似乎在不同的时代和地区重复，尽管有些文化，如古埃及，似乎对生长受限和软骨发育不良的人有相对积极的看法。
People with skeletal dysplasias have left traces in art and antiquities through ages and cultures worldwide, in Ancient Egypt, Classical Greece, Sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia, and Europe. Such traces record the impact of people with skeletal dysplasia on society and culture—in daily life, religion, and mythology. However, identifying (“diagnosing”) skeletal dysplasia in artifacts and interpreting what such depictions meant within the culture in which they were created is extremely challenging and at times impossible. The objectives of this short and necessarily selective survey are to present a few examples of art through different ages and cultures as a springboard for discussion not only on potential medical diagnoses but also on the lives of people with chondrodysplasia and how they were valued in the society in which they lived. The artifacts were selected from Ancient Egypt, Classical Greece, Mesoamerica (Maya), Sub‐Saharan Africa (Kingdom of Benin), Tang China, and 17th Century Europe. In some cases, surviving artifacts with likely depictions of skeletal dysplasia are few and their cultural context incompletely understood. Nevertheless, certain themes and attitudes seem to repeat across different times and regions, though some cultures, such as those in Ancient Egypt, appeared to have had a comparatively positive view of people with restricted growth and chondrodysplasia.