Intra-islet glucagon-like peptide 1.
Intra-islet glucagon-like peptide 1.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.016
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wu H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fava GE;Dong EW;Wu H
胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）最初在肠道中被鉴定为肠促胰岛素激素，并且其在刺激胰腺中的胰岛素分泌方面是有效的。然而，越来越多的证据表明GLP-1也在胰岛内局部产生。本文综述了胰岛内GLP-1的产生及其功能的研究进展。关于GLP-1是否在胰腺α细胞中产生一直存在争议。早期的争议导致了广泛接受的结论，即绝大多数胰高血糖素原在胰腺中被加工形成胰高血糖素，而少量被切割产生GLP-1。随着技术的进步，最近的研究表明，具有生物活性的GLP-1在胰腺中局部产生，并且GLP-1在胰岛内的表达和分泌受多种因素如细胞因子、高血糖症和β细胞损伤的调节。GLP-1由胰腺α细胞产生，其功能完全为肠促胰岛素。因此，在正常和糖尿病条件下，胰岛内GLP-1可通过旁分泌和/或自分泌作用局部发挥促胰岛素和胰高血糖素抑制作用。
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is originally identified in the gut as an incretin hormone, and it is potent in stimulating insulin secretion in the pancreas. However, increasing evidence suggests that GLP-1 is also produced locally within pancreatic islets. This review focuses on the past and current discoveries regarding intra-islet GLP-1 production and its functions. There has been a long-standing debate with regard to whether GLP-1 is produced in the pancreatic α cells. Early controversies lead to the widely accepted conclusion that the vast majority of proglucagon is processed to form glucagon in the pancreas, whereas an insignificant amount is cleaved to produce GLP-1. With technological advancements, recent studies have shown that bioactive GLP-1 is produced locally in the pancreas, and the expression and secretion of GLP-1 within islets are regulated by various factors such as cytokines, hyperglycemia, and β cell injury. GLP-1 is produced by the pancreatic α cells, and it is fully functional as an incretin. Therefore, intra-islet GLP-1 may exert insulinotropic and glucagonostatic effects locally via paracrine and/or autocrine actions, under both normal and diabetic conditions.