Microbial Biofilms
Microbial Biofilms
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DOI：
10.1128/9781555817718
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Veronica Lazar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Veronica Lazar
生物膜是微生物细胞的聚集体，它们以几乎不可逆的方式与表面联系在一起。它以各种形式存在，比如牙菌斑、池塘浮渣或水槽里的黏稠物。生物膜的形成包括条件作用、附着、代谢和分离等一系列步骤。生物膜由水通道、胞外多糖（EPS）和环境DNA （eDNA）组成，在营养循环、发育和结构稳定中起着重要作用。浮游细菌对抗菌剂的耐药性随着生物膜的形成而增强，这可能是由于弥漫性屏障EPS或中和酶的存在，细胞处于饥饿状态，或由于孢子的形成。影响生物膜形成的因素有很多，如基质效应、基质上的调理膜、流体动力学、水介质特性、细胞特性和环境因素等。生物膜会对工业、医疗和家庭造成损害，每年造成数十亿美元的损失。生物膜在导管、医疗植入物和设备上的发展是人类感染和疾病的主要原因。例子包括斑块、原生瓣膜心内膜炎、中耳炎、前列腺炎、囊性纤维化、牙周炎、骨髓炎等。
Biofilms are the aggregation of microbial cells, which are associated with the surface in almost an irreversible manner. It exists in variety of forms like dental plaque, pond scum, or the slimy build up in sink. Biofilm formation involves sequence of steps like conditioning, attachment, metabolism, and detachment. Biofilm consists of water channels, EPS (Exopolysaccharide), and eDNA (Environmental DNA), which plays an important role in nutrient circulation, its development, and structure stabilization. Resistance of planktonic bacteria against antimicrobial agents gets increased on the formation of biofilm, which may be the presence of diffusive barrier EPS or neutralizing enzyme, cells undergoing starvation, or due to spore formation. There are numerous factors, which affects biofilm formation such as substratum effects, conditioning film on substratum, hydrodynamics, characteristics of the aqueous medium, cell characteristics, and environmental factors. Biofilm can cause industrial, medical, and household damage and is a reason for loss of billions of dollars every year. Development of biofilm on catheters, medical implants, and devices is a major cause of infections and diseases in humans. Examples include Plaque, Native Valve Endocarditis, Otitis media, Prostatitis, Cystic fibrosis, Periodontitis, Osteomyelitis, and many more.