FRACTIONATING LANGUAGE - DIFFERENT NEURAL SUBSYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVE PERIODS
FRACTIONATING LANGUAGE - DIFFERENT NEURAL SUBSYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVE PERIODS
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/2.3.244
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发表时间：
1992-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
LAWSON, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NEVILLE, HJ;MILLS, DL;LAWSON, DS
理论考虑和心理语言学研究对语义和语法功能是语言领域内不同的子过程的提议提出了批评和支持。通过(1)比较正常成人中提供主要语义信息（开放类）和语法信息（封闭类）的词汇所引发的事件相关脑电位（ERPs），以及(2)比较先天失聪者早期语言经验改变对开放类和封闭类词汇所引发的事件相关脑电位的影响，来寻求支持这一假设的神经生物学证据。在听力正常的成年人中，不同的词类型引发的erp质量不同，这与假设的词类型在语言加工中的不同作用相一致。此外，虽然语义加工的ERP指数在聋人和听力正常的受试者中几乎相同，但与语法过程相关的ERP指数在聋人和听力正常的受试者中明显不同。结果表明，具有不同发育脆弱性的不同神经系统介导了语言的这些不同方面。更一般地说，这些结果为语义和语法功能之间的区别提供了神经生物学上的支持。
Theoretical considerations and psycholinguistic studies have alternately provided criticism and support for the proposal that semantic and grammatical functions are distinct subprocesses within the language domain. Neurobiological evidence concerning this hypothesis was sought by (1) comparing, in normal adults, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by words that provide primarily semantic information (open class) and grammatical information (closed class) and (2) comparing the effects of the altered early language experience of congenitally deaf subjects on ERPs to open and closed class words. In normal-hearing adults, the different word types elicited qualitatively different ERPs that were compatible with the hypothesized different roles of the word classes in language processing. In addition, whereas ERP indices of semantic processing were virtually identical in deaf and hearing subjects, those linked to grammatical processes were markedly different in deaf and hearing subjects. The results suggest that nonidentical neural systems with different developmental vulnerabilities mediate these different aspects of language. More generally, these results provide neurobiological support for the distinction between semantic and grammatical functions.