Extremely Selective Attention: Eye-Tracking Studies of the Dynamic Allocation of Attention to Stimulus Features in Categorization
Extremely Selective Attention: Eye-Tracking Studies of the Dynamic Allocation of Attention to Stimulus Features in Categorization
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DOI：
10.1037/a0016272
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Maj, Fillip
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair, Mark R.;Watson, Marcus R.;Maj, Fillip
人类有一种极其灵活的能力来分类他们环境中的规则，部分原因是注意力系统允许他们专注于重要的感知信息。在正式的分类理论中，注意力通常是用权重来建模的，这些权重选择性地偏向刺激特征的处理。这些理论对注意力在多大程度上可以根据刺激特性做出不同的预测。两项眼球跟踪研究的结果表明，人类可以很快学会将注意力以不同的方式分配给不同类别的成员。这些结果为分类任务中刺激反应注意提供了第一个明确的证据。此外，作者发现，在特定刺激特征的信息性之后的试验中，注意力转移具有明显的时间模式。这些数据为分类中涉及的注意过程提供了新的见解。
Humans have an extremely flexible ability to categorize regularities in their environment, in part because of attentional systems that allow them to focus on important perceptual information. In formal theories of categorization, attention is typically modeled with weights that selectively bias the processing of stimulus features. These theories make differing predictions about the degree of flexibility with which attention can be deployed in response to stimulus properties. Results from 2 eye-tracking studies show that humans can rapidly learn to differently allocate attention to members of different categories. These results provide the first unequivocal demonstration of stimulus-responsive attention in a categorization task. Furthermore, the authors found clear temporal patterns in the shifting of attention within trials that follow from the informativeness of particular stimulus features. These data provide new insights into the attention processes involved in categorization.