Why expert performance is special and cannot be extrapolated from studies of performance in the general population: A response to criticisms
Why expert performance is special and cannot be extrapolated from studies of performance in the general population: A response to criticisms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.001
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ericsson, K. Anders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ericsson, K. Anders
专家绩效法的独特方法论和理论概念导致了人们对它的许多误解。本研究以专家记忆的获得为例，对中介机制进行了详细的实验分析。与此相反，传统的个体差异方法从假设认知能力和个性的潜在一般因素开始，这些因素与不同水平的后天技能的表现相关。我的评论拒绝了这样的假设，即初学者的大样本数据可以外推到精英和专家表演者的样本。一旦我们能够就可再现的客观专家表现的标准和收集有效数据的可接受方法达成一致意见。我相信，科学家们会认识到需要用专家绩效方法来研究专家绩效，特别是在最高水平的成就方面。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Many misunderstandings about the expert-performance approach can be attributed to its unique methodology and theoretical concepts. This approach was established with case studies of the acquisition of expert memory with detailed experimental analysis of the mediating mechanisms. In contrast the traditional individual difference approach starts with the assumption of underlying general latent factors of cognitive ability and personality that correlate with performance across levels of acquired skill. My review rejects the assumption that data on large samples of beginners can be extrapolated to samples of elite and expert performers. Once we can agree on the criteria for reproducible objective expert performance and acceptable methodologies for collecting valid data. I believe that scientists will recognize the need for expert-performance approach to the study of expert performance, especially at the very highest levels of achievement. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.