Genetic engineering of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit and the potential application of systems and synthetic biology approaches
Genetic engineering of carotenoid formation in tomato fruit and the potential application of systems and synthetic biology approaches
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DOI：
10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.009
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发表时间：
2009-03-15
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Bramley, Peter M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fraser, Paul D.;Enfissi, Eugenia M. A.;Bramley, Peter M.
许多类胡萝卜素所带来的健康益处促使人们试图提高其在食品中的含量。番茄果实及其制品含有有效的抗氧化剂番茄红素，是人类饮食中番茄红素的主要来源。此外，番茄制品是维生素原A （β -胡萝卜素）的重要来源。番茄中含有其他促进健康的植物化学物质，如生育酚和类黄酮，这使得番茄及其制品被称为功能性食品。在过去的十年中，类胡萝卜素生物合成和积累的遗传/代谢工程已经产生了含有高番茄红素和β -胡萝卜素含量的转基因品种。在实现这一重要目标的过程中，我们吸取了许多基本教训。最值得注意的是观察到高等植物的内源性类胡萝卜素通路似乎抵抗工程变化。通常情况下，这种抗性通过内在的调节机制表现出来，这种机制是“沉默的”，直到对该途径的操纵被启动。这些机制可能包括反馈抑制、前馈、代谢物通道和反活性代谢和细胞扰动。本文综述了番茄果实类胡萝卜素基因工程的研究进展，重点介绍了实验观察到的限制性调控机制。目前工程策略的可预测性和效率将受到质疑，并将评估更多系统和合成生物学方法来增强类胡萝卜素的潜力。(C) 2008爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The health benefits conferred by numerous carotenoids have led to attempts to elevate their levels in foodstuffs. Tomato fruit and its products contain the potent antioxidant lycopene and are the predominant source of lycopene in the human diet. In addition, tomato products are an important source of provitamin A (beta-carotene). The presence of other health promoting phytochemicals such as tocopherols and flavonoids in tomato has led to tomato and its products being termed a functional food. Over the past decade genetic/metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation has resulted in the generation of transgenic varieties containing high lycopene and beta-carotene contents. In achieving this important goal many fundamental lessons have been learnt. Most notably is the observation that the endogenous carotenoid pathways in higher plants appear to resist engineered changes. Typically, this resistance manifests itself through intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that are "silent" until manipulation of the pathway is initiated. These mechanisms may include feedback inhibition, forward feed, metabolite channelling, and counteractive metabolic and cellular perturbations. In the present article we will review progress made in the genetic engineering of carotenoids in tomato fruit, highlighting the limiting regulatory mechanisms that have been observed experimentally. The predictability and efficiency of the present engineering strategies will be questioned and the potential Of more Systems and Synthetic Biology approaches to the enhancement of carotenoids will be assessed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.