Application of amphipols for structure-functional analysis of TRP channels.

Application of amphipols for structure-functional analysis of TRP channels.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00232-014-9684-6
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发表时间:
2014-10
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Moiseenkova-Bell, Vera Y.
Moiseenkova-Bell, Vera Y.
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Huynh, Kevin W.;Cohen, Matthew R.;Moiseenkova-Bell, Vera Y.

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两亲性聚合物(amphipols),如A8-35和SApol,是一种在无洗涤剂条件下稳定整体膜蛋白的新工具,用于结构和功能研究。瞬时受体电位(TRP)离子通道作为四聚体蛋白复合物在包括感觉转导在内的多种细胞过程中起作用。哺乳动物TRP通道具有约20%的序列相似性,可分为6个亚家族:TRPC(典型)、TRPV(香草蛋白)、TRPA(锚蛋白)、TRPM(美拉他汀)、TRPP(多囊蛋白)和TRPML(粘脂蛋白)。由于纯化真核膜蛋白的固有困难,TRP通道的结构研究一直受到限制。最近,A8-35在解决伤害感受器TRPA1的分子结构中发挥了重要作用,并通过低温电镜(cro - em)确定了热敏TRPV1通道的高分辨率结构。新开发的麦芽糖-新戊二醇(MNG)洗涤剂也被证明有助于稳定TRP通道进行结构分析。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论双酚类和MNG洗涤剂对低温电镜研究TRP通道结构的影响。我们将比较A8-35和MNG洗涤剂如何与TRP通道的疏水跨膜(TM)域相互作用。此外,我们将讨论这些低温电镜研究揭示了筛选不同类型表面活性剂对确定高分辨率TRP通道结构的重要性。
Amphipathic polymers (amphipols), such as A8-35 and SApol, are a new tool for stabilizing integral membrane proteins in detergent-free conditions for structural and functional studies. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels function as tetrameric protein complexes in a diverse range of cellular processes including sensory transduction. Mammalian TRP channels share ~20% sequence similarity and are categorized into six subfamilies: TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPM (melastatin), TRPP (polycystin), and TRPML (mucolipin). Due to the inherent difficulties in purifying eukaryotic membrane proteins, structural studies of TRP channels have been limited. Recently, A8-35 was essential in resolving the molecular architecture of the nociceptor TRPA1 and led to the determination of a high resolution structure of the thermosensitive TRPV1 channel by cryo-EM. Newly developed maltose-neopentyl glycol (MNG) detergents have also proven useful in stabilizing TRP channels for structural analysis. In this review, we will discuss the impact of amphipols and MNG detergents on structural studies of TRP channels by cryo-EM. We will compare how A8-35 and MNG detergents interact with the hydrophobic transmembrane (TM) domains of TRP channels. In addition, we will discuss what these cryo-EM studies reveal on the importance of screening different types of surfactants towards determining high resolution structures of TRP channels.
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