Recent pace of change in human impact on the world's ocean
Recent pace of change in human impact on the world's ocean
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-47201-9
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发表时间：
2019-08-12
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Selkoe, Kimberly A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halpern, Benjamin S.;Frazier, Melanie;Selkoe, Kimberly A.
人类与海洋的互动方式多样而深刻。人类活动的范围、规模、足迹和最终累积影响可能威胁海洋生态系统，并随着时间的推移而发生变化，给海洋生态系统带来新的挑战和威胁。在理解人类如何影响海洋方面存在的一个根本差距是，我们对人类活动不断扩大对海洋生态系统的累积影响的变化速度以及最重大变化的模式、地点和驱动因素的了解有限。为了帮助解决这一问题，我们结合了11年（2003-2013年）来关于14种人类压力源强度及其对21种海洋生态系统影响的高分辨率年度数据，以评估全球海洋累积影响的变化速度，这种速度在海洋中的位置和程度，以及哪些压力源及其影响对这些变化的贡献最大。我们发现，大部分海洋（59%）正在经历显著增加的累积影响，特别是由于气候变化，但也来自捕鱼，陆基污染和航运。几乎所有国家的沿海沃茨受到的累积影响都有所增加，所有生态系统也是如此，珊瑚礁、海草和红树林面临的风险最大。迫切需要缓解最能增加总体累积影响的压力因素，以维持健康的海洋。
Humans interact with the oceans in diverse and profound ways. The scope, magnitude, footprint and ultimate cumulative impacts of human activities can threaten ocean ecosystems and have changed overtime, resulting in new challenges and threats to marine ecosystems. A fundamental gap in understanding how humanity is affecting the oceans is our limited knowledge about the pace of change in cumulative impact on ocean ecosystems from expanding human activities - and the patterns, locations and drivers of most significant change. To help address this, we combined high resolution, annual data on the intensity of 14 human stressors and their impact on 21 marine ecosystems over 11 years (2003-2013) to assess pace of change in cumulative impacts on global oceans, where and how much that pace differs across the ocean, and which stressors and their impacts contribute most to those changes. We found that most of the ocean (59%) is experiencing significantly increasing cumulative impact, in particular due to climate change but also from fishing, land-based pollution and shipping. Nearly all countries saw increases in cumulative impacts in their coastal waters, as did all ecosystems, with coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves at most risk. Mitigation of stressors most contributing to increases in overall cumulative impacts is urgently needed to sustain healthy oceans.