Coral reef livelihoods
Coral reef livelihoods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.025
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Cinner, Joshua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cinner, Joshua
珊瑚礁支撑着数百万人的生计，其中绝大多数生活在发展中国家。随着珊瑚礁越来越多地被过度捕捞，科学家和管理者经常提出，需要减少对珊瑚礁渔业的依赖。然而，这样做的尝试往往以惊人的失败告终，甚至导致反常的结果，因为人们往往对珊瑚礁生计的性质知之甚少。在这里，我将讨论社会科学研究的两条新兴线索，它们有助于更好地形成我们对珊瑚礁生计的理解。首先，人们越来越认识到珊瑚礁渔业为人们提供的非物质利益。珊瑚礁有助于人们的身份、生活方式和社会规范，这创造了一种对捕鱼的强烈依恋，可以让人们留在渔业中。第二，越来越多的研究正在探索生计多样性在集体组织解决过度捕捞、遵守渔业和保护区管理、捕捞强度和退出渔业意愿方面的作用。重要的是，目前的理论和实证研究并不总是支持生计多样化将导致捕捞活动减少或对珊瑚礁的环境影响降低的观点。
Coral reefs support the livelihoods of millions of people, overwhelmingly in developing countries. As reefs become increasingly overfished, scientists and managers frequently suggest that dependence on reef fisheries needs to be reduced. Yet, attempts to do so often fail spectacularly and even result in perverse outcomes because the nature of coral reef livelihoods is often poorly understood. Here, I discuss two emerging threads of social science research that are helping to better shape our understanding about coral reef livelihoods. First is a growing appreciation of the non-material benefits that coral reef fisheries provide to people. Coral reefs contribute to people's identity, lifestyle, and social norms, which create a strong attachment to fishing that can keep people in a fishery. Second, a growing body of research is exploring the role of livelihood diversity in collectively organizing to solve overfishing, complying with fisheries and protected area management, fishing intensity, and willingness to exit the fishery. Importantly, current theory and empirical research does not always support the notion that diversification of livelihoods will lead to reduced fishing effort or lower environmental impacts on coral reefs.