Assessment of F-RNA Coliphage as a Potential Indicator of Enteric Virus Contamination of Hog Carcasses
Assessment of F-RNA Coliphage as a Potential Indicator of Enteric Virus Contamination of Hog Carcasses
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DOI：
10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-547
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Johns, M. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, T. H.;Johns, M. W.
戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)在猪中很常见，一些猪HEV毒株与人的HEV毒株关系密切。戊型肝炎病毒的人畜共患传播现已确立。HEV可以通过分子技术来检测，但当食品受到病毒灭活处理时，病毒核酸的存在的意义是值得怀疑的。F-RNA噬菌体是肠道病毒很有吸引力的指示物，因为它们在大小和生存特征上相似，并且可以快速培养。缺乏关于屠宰过程中被肠道或肝脏病毒污染的生猪身体的信息。本研究的目的是比较F-RNA噬菌体、HEV、总需氧菌、大肠菌群和大肠杆菌在屠宰过程的不同阶段对生猪身体的污染程度和发生率。进入商业屠宰设施的生猪身体被F-RNA噬菌体和REV严重污染。随后的过程，如烫伤、唱歌和巴氏杀菌，可以将F-RNA噬菌体和HEV的发生率和水平降低到几乎检测不到的水平。在高污染水平和低污染水平下，观察到病毒核酸和传染性F-RNA噬菌体颗粒之间的巨大差异。在巴氏杀菌前，在肛门区和随机地点，F-RNA噬菌体活性的流行率和水平低于总需氧细菌、大肠菌群和大肠杆菌。在一个研究屠宰场，在巴氏杀菌前和清洗后，从随机地点回收的活F-RNA噬菌体没有总体平均下降，而总需氧细菌、大肠菌群和大肠杆菌的总体平均下降分别为1.2、2.6和2.9logCFU。这些发现表明，在肉类加工环境中，大肠菌群和大肠杆菌等细菌可能不适合作为肠道病毒的指示物。
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is common in pigs, and some swine HEV strains are closely related to human strains. The zoonotic transmission of HEV is now well established. HEV can be detected by molecular techniques, but the significance of the presence of viral nucleic acid is questionable when foods are subjected to virus inactivation treatments. F-RNA coliphages are attractive candidates as indicators for enteric viruses because they are similar in size and survival characteristics and can be rapidly cultured. Information on the contamination of hog carcasses with enteric or hepatic viruses during slaughter is lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence and levels of contamination of hog carcasses with F-RNA coliphages, HEV, total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli at different stages of the dressing process. Hog carcasses entering the commercial slaughter facility are heavily contaminated with F-RNA coliphages and REV. Subsequent processes such as scalding, singing, and pasteurization can reduce the incidence and levels of F-RNA coliphages and HEV substantially to almost undetectable levels. Large discrepancies between the amount of viral nucleic acid and infectious F-RNA coliphage particles, both at high levels and low levels of contamination, were observed. The prevalence and levels of viable F-RNA coliphages were lower than those of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli in the anal area and on random sites before pasteurization. At a research abattoir, there was no overall mean reduction of viable F-RNA coliphages recovered from random sites before pasteurization and after washing, whereas overall mean reductions of 1.2, 2.6, and 2.9 log CFU for total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli, respectively, were obtained. These findings suggest that bacteria such as coliforms and E. coli may not be suitable as indicators for enteric viruses in a meat processing environment.