STUDIES ON NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA. I. HEAT RESISTANCE AND GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND D. SIMULANS
STUDIES ON NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA. I. HEAT RESISTANCE AND GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND D. SIMULANS
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果蝇自然种群的研究。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1961.tb03125.x
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发表时间：
1961
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
G. S. Mallah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Tantawy;G. S. Mallah
在实验室条件下，果蝇的数量性状，如身体大小或繁殖力，对环境变化非常敏感，如温度波动或食物质量或数量的变化。在自然界中，同样的情况也存在，即年温度或湿度的变化会影响果蝇的植物群类型和大小。众所周知，一些数量性状与动物的地理分布有一定的相关性。因此，Timofeef-Ressovsky(1933)的开创性工作表明，来自不同地理区域的果蝇品系和黑腹果蝇对温度的反应不同。对Dobzhansky(1937)、Reed和Reed(1947)对拟黑腹果蝇、Stalker和Carson(1947、1948和1949)对罗布斯塔果蝇、Prevosti(1955)对小果蝇的野生种群形态的研究表明，翅长等性状随地理分布由北向南逐渐减小。Dobzansky和他的合作者的早期工作表明，不同地理位置的果蝇自然种群在第三条染色体上发生各种倒位的频率不同。Dobzansky的进一步研究表明，在一个地点内，假黑腹果蝇的种群在不同倒置的频率方面表现出季节性变化。Dobzhansky在关于果蝇的一系列论文中进行了实验室研究，旨在测试不同的基因排列对不同温度条件的反应，Kalmus(1945)对果蝇进行了研究，Dubinin和Tiniakov(1945)对果蝇进行了研究，Moos(1955)等人对果蝇进行了研究，Spiess(1958)对果蝇进行了研究。他们都发现不同的基因类型对不同的温度有不同的反应。这项研究是关于中东及周边地区果蝇自然种群的一系列计划中的第一项，旨在检验关于发育内稳态的性质的假说。被检验的假设可以表述如下：子代
Under laboratory conditions quantitative characters in Drosophila, such as body size or fecundity, are very sensitive to environmental changes, e.g., temperature fluctuations or changes in quality or quantity of food. In nature, the same situation is found where changes in annual temperature or humidity affect the type of flora as well as the size of Drosophila fauna. It is well known that there is a correlation between some quantitative characters and the geographical distribution of animals. Thus, the pioneer work of Timofeeff-Ressovsky (1933) showed that strains of Drosophila funebris and Drosophila melanogaster derived from different geographical regions react differently to temperature. Studies on the morphology of wild populations as those reported by Dobzhansky (1937), Reed and Reed (1947) on Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis, Stalker and Carson (1947, 1948 and 1949) on Drosophila robusta, Prevosti (1955) on Drosophila subobscura, demonstrated that wing length and other traits decrease in size with geographical distribution from north to south. The early work of Dobzhansky and his collaborators showed that natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura in different geographical localities differed in the frequency of various inversions in the third chromosome. Further work by Dobzhansky revealed that within one locality, populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura exhibited seasonal variations in respect to the frequency of different inversions. Laboratory investigations designed to test the reaction of various gene arrangements to different temperature conditions have been carried out by Dobzhansky in a series of papers on Drosophila pseudoobscura, Kalmus (1945) on Drosophila melanogaster, Dubinin and Tiniakov (1945) on Drosophila funebris, Moos (1955) and others on Drosophila pseudoobscura, and Spiess (1958) on Drosophila persimilis. They all found that various genotypes react differently to various temperatures. The present study, the first of a projected series dealing with natural populations of Drosophila in the Middle East and surrounding areas, was designed to test an hypothesis concerning the nature of developmental homeostasis. The hypothesis to be tested can be expressed as follows: progeny