Development of vaccination policy in Japan: current issues and policy directions.
Development of vaccination policy in Japan: current issues and policy directions.
复制标题
日本疫苗接种政策的发展：当前问题和政策方向。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Tsutomu Iuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Nakatani;Tadashi Sano;Tsutomu Iuchi
截至2001年11月，日本儿童定期接种了8种疫苗，即白喉-破伤风-百日咳、小儿麻痹症、麻疹、风疹、日本脑炎和卡介苗。2001年对《免疫法》的修正为老年人提供了流感疫苗。本文回顾了日本在传染病控制的更广泛背景下免疫规划的进展。日本传染病控制领域最近有两个重大政策变化。一是通过颁布1999年题为"预防传染病和传染病患者法"的新立法，加强和振兴传染病控制方案，特别是监测。另一项重大的政策变化是对现有免疫方案的审查和2001年对《免疫法》的修正。在这篇文章中，目前的常规疫苗接种计划，以及最近的法律修正案，进行了说明。然后讨论了当前的政策问题，包括2000年世卫组织在西太平洋区域宣布"零脊髓灰质炎"后的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种;麻疹、风疹、结核病和流感控制方面的变化战略;以及不良反应监测/监督和反馈，以提高疫苗安全性。最后，考虑了疫苗接种政策的预期/计划变化的未来前景。
Until November 2001, eight vaccinations had been offered to Japanese children on a routine basis; namely, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, polio, measles, rubella, Japanese encephalitis, and BCG. The 2001 amendment of the Immunization Law introduced an influenza vaccine for the elderly population. This paper reviews the progress of the immunization program in the broader context of infectious disease control in Japan. There are two recent major policy changes in the field of infectious disease control in Japan. One is the strengthening and revitalization of the infectious disease control program, particularly surveillance, by the enactment of new 1999 legislation entitled "Law concerning the Prevention of Infectious Diseases and Patients with Infectious Diseases". The other major policy change is a review of existing immunization programs and the amendment of the Immunization Law in 2001. In this article, the present routine vaccination program, as well as the recent amendments to the law, are described. Current policy issues are then discussed, including polio vaccination after the WHO "Zero Polio" announcement in the Western Pacific Region in 2000; strategies for changes in measles, rubella, tuberculosis, and influenza control; as well as adverse reaction monitoring/surveillance and feedback for improving vaccine safety. Finally, the future prospects of intended/planned changes in the vaccination policy are considered.