Mesoarchaean Gold Mineralisation in the Barberton Greenstone Belt: A Review

Mesoarchaean Gold Mineralisation in the Barberton Greenstone Belt: A Review
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巴伯顿绿岩带中太古代金矿化:回顾

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-78652-0_7
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Regional Geology Reviews
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Heubeck
Heubeck
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heubeck

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巴伯顿绿岩带拥有丰富的中太古代构造控制的金矿化。据报道,已有300多个金矿出现,尽管到目前为止,大多数黄金产量(350吨Au)来自位于绿岩带北缘的少数几个矿床。大多数矿床赋存于绿片岩相变质沉积岩和变质岩中,但新康索特矿的角闪岩相岩石除外。矿化与截断绿岩带规模的主要挤压构造的石英-碳酸盐脉有关。根据热液金红石和钛铁矿的U-Pb测年,矿化年龄大致限制在3080-3030 Ma左右。在绿片岩相矿床中,矿石组合以黄铁矿和毒砂为主,其中含有高达几千ppm的“看不见”的金、镍砷锑硫化物和自然金。在New Consort矿,矿化包括块状交替型矿石和矿脉赋存或浸染型。野外构造研究和显微构造观察均表明成矿过程是多阶段的,反映在脆韧性构造的再活化和硫化物组合的叠加上。谢巴矿和锦绣矿黄铁矿中存在质量独立分馏的S同位素(Δ33S = -0.6~+1.0‰),表明热水流体从绿岩带的火山岩和沉积岩中动员了S,并制约了Au本身的来源。
The Barberton Greenstone Belt hosts abundant structurally controlled gold mineralisation of Mesoarchaean age. More than 300 gold occurrences have been reported, although most of the gold production so far (>350 tonnes Au) has come from a handful of deposits located along the northern margin of the greenstone belt. Most deposits are hosted by greenschist-facies metasedimentary and metamafic rocks, with the notable exception of the amphibolite-facies rocks at New Consort mine. Mineralisation is associated with quartz–carbonate veins that truncate major compressional structures at the greenstone belt scale. The age of mineralisation is loosely constrained at circa 3080–3030 Ma, based on U–Pb dating of hydrothermal rutile and titanite. In greenschist-facies deposits, the ore assemblage is dominated by pyrite and arsenopyrite, which contain up to thousands of ppm of ‘invisible’ gold, Ni–As–Sb sulphides and native gold. At New Consort mine, mineralisation includes massive replacement-style ore and vein-hosted or disseminated types. Both structural studies in the field and microstructural observation point to a multistage ore deposition process, which is reflected in the re-activation of brittle to ductile structures and the overprinting of sulphide assemblages. The presence of mass-independently fractionated S isotopes (Δ33S = –0.6 to +1.0‰) in pyrite from Sheba and Fairview mines suggests that hydrothermal fluids mobilised S from volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the greenstone belt and places constraints on the origin of the Au itself.
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