Effects of opacity temperature dependence on radiatively accelerated clouds

Effects of opacity temperature dependence on radiatively accelerated clouds
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不透明度温度依赖性对辐射加速云的影响

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/staa304
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Dyda S
Dyda S
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dyda S

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我们研究了如何不同的不透明度,温度定标影响辐照气体云的动态演化,使用随时间变化的辐射流体动力学模拟。当云层在光学上很厚时,明亮的一面会升温并膨胀,通过火箭效应加速云层。随着加热而变得光学上更厚的云比光学上变得更薄的云加速得更快。通过打破幂律不透明度剖面,可以实现加速的增强,这使得驱动云的蒸发气体变得光学薄,而不会衰减驱动辐射通量。我们发现,高达的入射辐射是由加速云重新发射,我们估计作为一个单一的加速云的发射或吸收线的贡献。再辐射被不透明度-温度关系中的“凸点”抑制,因为这些凸点降低了热的蒸发气体的不透明度,这是再辐射的主要原因。如果云在光学上是薄的,它们几乎均匀地受热,膨胀并形成激波。这触发了里希特迈尔-梅什科夫不稳定性,导致云在热时间尺度上的破坏和消散。我们的工作表明,对于某些参数,火箭效应由于辐射烧蚀物质离开云的背面是重要的云加速。我们认为,这种火箭效应可以在工作中的活动星系核外流。
We study how different opacity–temperature scalings affect the dynamical evolution of irradiated gas clouds using time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. When clouds are optically thick, the bright side heats up and expands, accelerating the cloud via the rocket effect. Clouds that become more optically thick as they heat acceleratefaster than clouds that become optically thin. An enhancement ofin the acceleration can be achieved by having a broken power-law opacity profile, which allows the evaporating gas driving the cloud to become optically thin and not attenuate the driving radiation flux. We find that up toof incident radiation is re-emitted by accelerating clouds, which we estimate as the contribution of a single accelerating cloud to an emission or absorption line. Re-emission is suppressed by ‘bumps’ in the opacity–temperature relation since these decrease the opacity of the hot, evaporating gas, primarily responsible for the reradiation. If clouds are optically thin, they heat nearly uniformly, expand and form shocks. This triggers the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, leading to cloud disruption and dissipation on thermal time-scales. Our work shows that, for some parameters, the rocket effect due to radiation-ablated matter leaving the back of the cloud is important for cloud acceleration. We suggest that this rocket effect can be at work in active galactic nuclei outflows.
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