Slave trade and hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes in Haiti and Africa.
Slave trade and hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes in Haiti and Africa.
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DOI：
10.3201/eid1508.081642
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发表时间：
2009-08
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Muller CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andernach IE;Nolte C;Pape JW;Muller CP
基因E型在非洲的传播发生在跨大西洋奴隶贸易结束之后。在海地，大约90%的人口是非洲奴隶的后裔。在抽样的7147名海地孕妇中，44%的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是由A1基因型引起的，目前主要在东非发现。20%的人属于一种罕见的亚基因型A5，这种基因型只在前主要奴隶贸易站贝宁湾被发现。海地A亚型基因型似乎较早地从非洲亚型基因型中分离出来；目前西非最流行的基因型和亚基因型（分别为E型和A3型）在海地很少见。这一差异表明，非洲的显性亚基因型是在奴隶贸易之后才在一般人群中出现的，并解释了基因型E的遗传多样性低的原因。在非洲大部分地区，HBV基因型E的高流行率进一步表明，HBV高流行是一种最近的现象，可能是由于广泛使用不安全针头造成的。
TOC Summary: The spread of genotype E in Africa occurred after the end of the transatlantic slave trade. In Haiti, >90% of the population descended from African slaves. Of 7,147 Haitian pregnant women sampled, 44% of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections were caused by genotype A1, which today is found mainly in eastern Africa. Twenty percent belong to a rare subgenotype, A5, which has been found only in the former Bight of Benin, a former primary slave trading post. Haitian A subgenotypes appear to have separated early from the African subgenotypes; the most prevalent genotype and subgenotype in West Africa today (E and A3, respectively) are rare in Haiti. This difference indicates that the dominant subgenotypes in Africa emerged in the general population only after the slave trade and explains the low genetic diversity of genotype E. The high prevalence of HBV genotype E in much of Africa further suggests that HBV hyperendemicity is a recent phenomenon, probably resulting from extensive use of unsafe needles.