Deinstitutionalisation and After - Post-War Psychiatry in the Western World
Deinstitutionalisation and After - Post-War Psychiatry in the Western World
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西方世界的去机构化和战后精神病学
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-45360-6_1
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kritsotaki D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kritsotaki D
导言提供了一个历史背景的精神病去机构化发生在大多数西方国家在下半个世纪。它提出了一个去机构化的工作定义，但也梳理了一些与该术语相关的细微差别。导言首先检查的前兆去机构化之前，第二次世界大战，包括儿童指导和心理卫生运动的影响，然后探索战争对精神病学的影响和有关心理健康的想法。然后，它继续分析去机构化的具体触发因素，触及有助于推动这一进程的知识，政治，经济，技术和文化因素。导言还涉及不同国家的去机构化情况，并概述了近几十年来这一进程的后果。它总结了卷的章节，并反映了什么可以从去机构化的遗产中学到的。
The introduction provides a historical context for the psychiatric deinstitutionalisation that occurred in most Western countries during the second half of the twentieth century. It presents a working definition of deinstitutionalisation, but also teases out some of the nuances connected to the term. The introduction begins by examining the precursors of deinstitutionalisation prior to the Second World War, including the impact of the child guidance and mental hygiene movements, before exploring the impact of the War on psychiatry and ideas about mental health. It then proceeds to analyse the specific triggers of deinstitutionalisation, touching on the intellectual, political, economic, technological and cultural factors that helped to drive the process. The introduction also touches on how deinstitutionalisation varied in different countries, and outlines the ramifications of the process in recent decades. It concludes by summarising the volume’s chapters and reflecting on what can be learned from the legacy of deinstitutionalisation.