Alveolar bone and the alveolar process: The socket that is never stable
Alveolar bone and the alveolar process: The socket that is never stable
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00096.x
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
18.6
通讯作者：
Cherruau, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saffar, JL;Lasfargues, JJ;Cherruau, M
进化使牙齿和下颚之间的关系变得复杂。在哺乳动物中，一种复杂的组织，牙周韧带，连接着这两个器官。这导致了牙周韧带与牙根（牙骨质）和下颌（牙槽壁或牙槽骨本身）界面的特殊结构的分化，牙周韧带的纤维束被锚定在其中。一旦插入，这些纤维就被称为夏普纤维。牙槽壁被支撑骨包围，与骨形成一个解剖单元。支撑骨包括颊骨和口骨皮质板以及鼻中隔。皮质板与颚体的皮质是连续的。松质骨介乎于牙槽壁和皮质板之间。在某些部位，松质骨的数量很少，有时甚至没有松质骨（图1）。牙槽壁和皮质板在牙槽骨嵴处合并。颊板和口腔板由松质骨形成的牙间隔和根间隔连接。牙间间隔被致密的皮质骨覆盖（图lb）。在萌牙期后，牙齿与其支撑结构之间的关系仍然是动态的，因为前者在牙槽过程中自发地迁移。这意味着适应机制保留了骨锚定和牙周韧带的完整性，这是祖细胞更新组织的来源（24,33）。
Evolution has complicated the relationship between teeth and jaws. In mammals a complex tissue, the periodontal ligament, joins the two organs. This has led to the differentiation of specialized structures at the periodontal ligament interfaces with the root (the cementum) and the jaw (the alveolar wall or alveolar bone proper) in which the fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament are anchored. Once inserted, these fibers are called Sharpey’s fibers. The alveolar wall is surrounded by the supporting bone with which it forms an anatomical unit. The supporting bone includes the buccal and oral cortical plates and the septa. The cortical plates are in continuity with the cortices of the body of the jaws. Cancellous bone is interposed between the alveolar wall and the cortical plates. In some locations, the amount of cancellous bone is minimal, and sometimes there is none (Fig. la). The alveolar wall and the cortical plates merge at the alveolar bone crest. The buccal and oral plates are united by the interdental and interradicular septa which are formed by cancellous bone. The interdental septa are covered by compact cortical bone (Fig. lb). After the eruption period, the relationship between the teeth and their supporting structures remains dynamic, as the former migrate spontaneously within the alveolar process. This implies adaptation mechanisms preserving the anchorage to bone and the integrity of the periodontal ligament, which is a source of progenitor cells renewing the tissues (24, 33).