THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, AND NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS ON INFANT RESPONSES TO NEW TOYS
THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, AND NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS ON INFANT RESPONSES TO NEW TOYS
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DOI：
10.2307/1130534
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发表时间：
1987-08-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
GUNNAR, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HORNIK, R;RISENHOOVER, N;GUNNAR, M
观察12个月大的婴儿对3种刺激玩具的反应：1种是愉快的，1种是暧昧的，1种是厌恶的。三分之一的婴儿(最终分析为N=16)被随机分配到三种母亲展示条件中的每一种。在1种情况下，母亲在面孔、声音和手势上表现出积极的情感；在1种情况下，母亲表现出消极的、厌恶的情感；在1种情况下，母亲表现出沉默和中性。在所有三个玩具都展示了一次后，母亲积极和母亲消极的婴儿再次被展示玩具，这一次他们的母亲沉默和中立。通过比较婴儿对刺激性玩具和自由玩耍玩具的反应来检验效果的特异性。根据社会参照假说的预测，母亲的展示只影响对刺激玩具的反应。研究结果还表明，母亲的消极情感表现比积极情感表现对婴儿行为有更直接的影响。最后，数据表明，即使他们的母亲停止传递充满感情的信息，婴儿仍会将他们的评价带到第二次展示玩具的时候。
12-month-old infants were observed responding to 3 stimulus toys: 1 pleasant, 1 ambiguous, and 1 aversive. One-third of the infants (N = 16 in the final analysis) were randomly assigned to each of 3 maternal display conditions. In 1 condition mothers displayed positive affect in face, voice, and gestures; in 1, mothers displayed negative, disgust affect; and in 1, mothers were silent and neutral. After all 3 toys had been presented once, infants in the Mother Positive and Mother Negative conditions were shown the toys again, this time with their mothers silent and neutral. The specificity of effects was examined by comparing infant responses to the stimulus toys with responses to free-play toys. Maternal displays influenced responses only to the stimulus toys as predicted by the social referencing hypothesis. The results also suggested that maternal negative affect displays have a more immediate effect on infant behavior than do positive affect displays. Finally, the data indicated that the infants carried over their appraisals to the second presentation of the toys even though their mothers ceased delivering the affectively toned messages.