Glial Chloride Channels in the Function of the Nervous System Across Species.
Glial Chloride Channels in the Function of the Nervous System Across Species.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_10
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jesus Fernandez-Abascal;B. Graziano;Nicole Encalada;L. Bianchi
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jesus Fernandez-Abascal;B. Graziano;Nicole Encalada;L. Bianchi
在神经系统中，表达GABA受体的神经元中Cl−的浓度在确定这些神经元是兴奋性的（主要是在早期发育期间）还是抑制性的方面起着关键作用。因此，许多注意力一直致力于了解神经元如何调节其细胞内Cl−浓度。然而，神经系统的其他细胞（包括神经胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）对细胞外Cl−浓度的调节也同样重要，因为它最终会影响跨神经元质膜的Cl−平衡电位。此外，Cl−离子通过被动或主动转运系统转运进出细胞，作为K+的反离子，K+在神经系统细胞外环境中的浓度受到严格调节，因为它直接影响神经元的兴奋性。在本章中，我们报告了在各种类型的神经胶质细胞中表达的Cl−通道类型，重点是它们在健康和疾病中神经系统功能中的作用。此外，我们描述了这些通道被激活的刺激类型，它们可能运输的其他溶质，以及这些通道参与pH调节和调节体积减少（RVD）等过程。出现的图片是表达各种Cl−通道的胶质细胞之一，这些通道由不同基因家族的成员编码，参与神经系统功能的短期和长期调节。最后，我们报告的数据无脊椎动物模式生物，如C。elegans和果蝇，揭示了这些通道在生活和行为动物中的重要和以前未被怀疑的功能。
In the nervous system, the concentration of Cl−in neurons that express GABA receptors plays a key role in establishing whether these neurons are excitatory, mostly during early development, or inhibitory. Thus, much attention has been dedicated to understanding how neurons regulate their intracellular Cl−concentration. However, regulation of the extracellular Cl−concentration by other cells of the nervous system, including glia and microglia, is as important because it ultimately affects the Cl−equilibrium potential across the neuronal plasma membrane. Moreover, Cl−ions are transported in and out of the cell, via either passive or active transporter systems, as counter ions for K+whose concentration in the extracellular environment of the nervous system is tightly regulated because it directly affects neuronal excitability. In this book chapter, we report on the Cl−channel types expressed in the various types of glial cells focusing on the role they play in the function of the nervous system in health and disease. Furthermore, we describe the types of stimuli that these channels are activated by, the other solutes that they may transport, and the involvement of these channels in processes such as pH regulation and Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). The picture that emerges is one of the glial cells expressing a variety of Cl−channels, encoded by members of different gene families, involved both in short- and long-term regulation of the nervous system function. Finally, we report data on invertebrate model organisms, such asC. elegansand Drosophila, that are revealing important and previously unsuspected functions of some of these channels in the context of living and behaving animals.