School closure in response to epidemic outbreaks: Systems-based logic model of downstream impacts.
School closure in response to epidemic outbreaks: Systems-based logic model of downstream impacts.
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DOI：
10.12688/f1000research.23631.1
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thomas, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kneale, Dylan;O'Mara-Eves, Alison;Thomas, James
背景资料：在应对大流行病方面，建议采取关闭学校的非药物干预措施，因为这样做有可能减少儿童、学校工作人员及其接触者之间的感染传播。然而，鉴于学校在社会中发挥的许多作用，学校关闭时间延长可能会产生额外的影响。迄今为止，对探索学校关闭的研究的文献综述集中在流行病学影响上;考虑学校关闭的多重潜在影响的研究需求尚未得到满足。方法：我们使用系统的搜索，编码和综合技术，开发一个基于系统的逻辑模型。我们纳入了与学校关闭相关的文献，这些文献是为了应对大大小小的流行病而计划的，涵盖了1918-19年的流感大流行，直到2019年新型冠状病毒的新兴文献。我们使用了170多项研究和一些政策文件来为我们的模型提供信息。结果如下：该模型将作者使用的概念组织成七个更高层次的领域：儿童的健康和福祉，儿童的教育，对教师和其他学校工作人员的影响，学校组织，家长和家庭的考虑，公共卫生考虑，以及更广泛的经济影响。该模型还整理了关于潜在调节因素和道德考虑的想法。虽然依赖于迄今为止所经历的流行病的性质，但我们的目标是该模型为一般学校关闭的理论化提供一个起点，并作为受背景和人口因素影响的更广泛系统的一部分。结论：该模型强调，学校关闭的影响比仅与健康相关的影响要广泛得多，并表明需要在这一领域进一步开展协调一致的工作。这一逻辑模型的出版应有助于框架在这一领域的未来研究，并在考虑未来的学校关闭政策和可能的缓解战略时，帮助决策者。
Background: School closures have been a recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention in pandemic response owing to the potential to reduce transmission of infection between children, school staff and those that they contact. However, given the many roles that schools play in society, closure for any extended period is likely to have additional impacts. Literature reviews of research exploring school closure to date have focused upon epidemiological effects; there is an unmet need for research that considers the multiplicity of potential impacts of school closures. Methods: We used systematic searching, coding and synthesis techniques to develop a systems-based logic model. We included literature related to school closure planned in response to epidemics large and small, spanning the 1918-19 'flu pandemic through to the emerging literature on the 2019 novel coronavirus. We used over 170 research studies and a number of policy documents to inform our model. Results: The model organises the concepts used by authors into seven higher level domains: children's health and wellbeing, children's education, impacts on teachers and other school staff, the school organisation, considerations for parents and families, public health considerations, and broader economic impacts. The model also collates ideas about potential moderating factors and ethical considerations. While dependent upon the nature of epidemics experienced to date, we aim for the model to provide a starting point for theorising about school closures in general, and as part of a wider system that is influenced by contextual and population factors. Conclusions: The model highlights that the impacts of school closures are much broader than those related solely to health, and demonstrates that there is a need for further concerted work in this area. The publication of this logic model should help to frame future research in this area and aid decision-makers when considering future school closure policy and possible mitigation strategies.