The mating system of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) off South Africa: Fighting, guarding, sneaking, mating and egg laying behavior
The mating system of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) off South Africa: Fighting, guarding, sneaking, mating and egg laying behavior
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南非鱿鱼 Loligo vulgaris reynaudii（头足类、软体动物）的交配系统：战斗、守卫、潜行、交配和产卵行为
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
W. Sauer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Hanlon;M. Smale;W. Sauer
利用水肺潜水时拍摄的视频序列，分析了长尾乌贼洄游到沿海水域产卵的行为。大多数鱿鱼在产卵地点配对（M/F），但配偶配对时间较短。在卵群附近，总是有一些孤独的大雄性出现，它们会与配偶争斗以获得配对的雌性。配对的“配偶”雄性赢得了16场竞争，而未配对的“入侵者”雄性赢得了9场；因此，财团的周转率相当高。在25场比赛中，体型较大的雄性赢了14场。打斗主要包括视觉信号，但逐渐升级为适度的身体接触（打鳍），但没有伤害。两性在几个小时内都有多个配偶。观察到两种交配方法，每种方法都有不同的精囊位置，并且可能存在第三种方法。成对的大雄性以“雄性平行”的位置交配，并将精囊插入输卵管附近；卵通常在此后不久产卵。小球鞋雄性通常能成功地与配对的雌性交配；它们以一种改良的“头-头”的姿势交配，它们试图将精囊放在雌性的手臂中。值得注意的是，帆布鞋似乎能识别出雌性拿着卵囊的时候，然后在那个时候计时它们的交配尝试。运动鞋不会在竞争中与体型庞大的雄性配偶交配，当它们与雌性交配时，配偶也很少会把它们赶走。“戴绿帽子”的配偶在产下卵囊之前不会再尝试与雌性交配。雄性守护着雌性，它们定期下来产卵。所有这些特征都表明精子竞争程度很高。在产卵地点没有单独的雌性，所有的雌性都带着储存在精囊里的精子到达那里，可能是在之前以典型的“头对头”的姿势交配。雌性很少拒绝雄性（配偶或运动鞋），它们可能对雄性精子进行了一些选择，没有任何形式的亲代照顾卵子或幼虫。讨论了与这一宝贵渔业物种的生命周期有关的繁殖策略。
The chokka squid migrates to coastal waters to spawn, and its behavior on shallow spawning aggregations was analyzed by video sequences taken during SCUBA diving. Most squids were paired (M/F) on the spawning sites, yet mate pairing duration was brief. Near to egg masses, a few lone large males were always present and would fight consort males to obtain access to paired females. Paired 'consort' males won 16 agonistic contests while unpaired 'intruder' males won 9; thus there was a considerable turnover rate for consortships. The larger male won in 14 of the 25 contests. Fighting involved mainly visual signalling but escalated to moderate physical contact (Fin beating) but not injury. Both sexes had multiple mates even within several hours. Two methods of mating were observed, each with different placement of spermatophores, and a third method possibly exists. Large paired males mated in the 'male-parallel' position and inserted spermatophores near the oviduct; egg laying usually occurred shortly thereafter. Small sneaker males were often successful in mating a paired female; they copulated in a modified 'head-head' position in which they attempted to place spermatophores amidst the female's arms. Remarkably, sneakers seemed to recognize when females were holding an egg capsule and then timed their copulation attempt at that time. Sneakers did not engage large male consorts in contests, and consorts seldom chased them away when they mated a female. The 'cuckolded' consorts did not attempt to mate females again before they laid the egg capsule. Males guarded females as they descended periodically to lay individual egg capsules. All of these features indicate a high level of sperm competition. There were no lone females on spawning sites, and all arrived there with stored sperm in the seminal receptacle, having presumably mated in the typical 'head-head' position previously. Females rarely rejected males (consorts or sneakers) and it is possible that they exerted some choice of male sperm There was no form of parental care of the eggs or paralarvae. Reproductive tactics are discussed in relation to the life cycle of this valuable fishery species.