Polar and Topographic Amplifications of Inter-model Spread of Surface Temperature in Climate Models
Polar and Topographic Amplifications of Inter-model Spread of Surface Temperature in Climate Models
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气候模型中地表温度模型间传播的极地和地形放大
DOI：
10.1029/2022jd037509
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发表时间：
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通讯作者：
Jianhua Lu
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作者：
Tao Wang;Hua Gong;Yimin Liu;Jianhua Lu
模型间表面温度传播（TS-SPREAD）的空间模式类似于模拟的表面温度相对于观测值的绝对误差，这意味着使用模型间传播来理解模型偏差的可能性。TS-SPREAD最大的区域位于北方和南极区，以及具有大地形特征的地区，如青藏高原。我们发现：（1）冬季TS-SPREAD在北方和南方极地都存在放大作用，但在青藏高原，最大TS-SPREAD出现在春季和夏季，季节性较弱;（3）在北冰洋和南大洋，海冰引起的海面暖水扩散的最大值出现在夏季，此时的TS-SPREADs最弱，这是因为海冰引起的海面暖水扩散的影响被海洋的热储存所抵消;（4）通过储热项的季节间联系，即，海洋热含量的夏季恢复-冬季释放过程中，夏季表层热负荷对冬季极地海洋TS-SPREAD的放大有间接贡献。在陆地地区不存在这些过程的这种季节间联系。本文还提供了一种区分晴空向下长波辐射对TS-SPREAD贡献中局地和非局地动力过程作用的方法。
The spatial pattern of inter-model spread of surface temperature (TS-SPREAD) is similar to the absolute error of modeled surface temperature relative to observations, implying the possibility of using inter-model spread to understand the model biases. The regions with maximum TS-SPREAD are located in the northern and southern polar regions, and regions with the large orographic features, such as the Tibetan Plateau. We find: (1) Winter amplification exists in the TS-SPREAD over both the northern and southern polar regions, but the maximum TS-SPREAD over the Tibetan Plateau happens during spring and summer with weak seasonality there; (2) Surface energy balance analyses show salient land-sea contrast in the inter-linkage between the physical processes; (3) Over the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean, the maximum spreads of sea-ice-induced surface albedo appear during summer when the TS-SPREADs are the weakest because the effect of surface albedo is offset by the heat storage in the oceans; (4) Through the inter-seasonal linkage of the heat storage term, i.e., the summer-restoring-winter-releasing of oceanic heat content, the summer surface albedo may indirectly contribute to the winter amplification of the TS-SPREAD over the polar oceans. Such inter-seasonal linkage of the processes does not exist over the land areas. A method of distinguishing the roles of the local and non-local dynamical processes in the contribution of the clear-sky downward longwave radiation to the TS-SPREAD is also provided.