Insulators
Insulators
复制标题
绝缘子
作者：
D. Hestenes
本文是L. L.博士关于“电绝缘材料的最新发展”的七页文章。Hartshorn（J. Sci.仪器：7月）将证明对电气设备的制造商有很大的用处，并将作为无线电研究委员会倡导的绝缘材料性能研究的基础。作者描述了硬质橡胶、"负载"硬质橡胶、合成树脂的性能，这些硬质橡胶可以容易地模制或用于将层压材料粘合成绝缘板，并且当为烃类时，其介电常数略大于2，功率因数低至2 × 10 - 4。陶瓷提供滑石类的绝缘体，主要依赖于硅酸镁，以及金红石类的绝缘体，主要是二氧化钛，用于冷凝器的构造。成型后，两者都被烧制，并且之后不能毫无困难地进行加工。它们容易吸收水分，从而改变它们的性质。某些蜡，例如氯萘，具有高介电常数和相当低的功率因数。列出了近30种绝缘子的介电常数、功率因数、介电常数、机械强度、电气强度和软化温度。
A SEVEN-PAGE article on “Recent Developments in Electrical Insulating Materials” by Dr. L. Hartshorn (J. Sci. Inst., July) will prove of great use to constructors of electrical apparatus and will serve as a base from which research on the properties of insulating materials advocated by the Radio Research Board may operate. The author describes the properties of ebonite, of 'loaded' ebonites, of synthetic resins which can be readily moulded or used to bond laminated material into insulating boards, and when of the hydrocarbon type have dielectric constants little more than 2 and power factors so low as 2 x 10-4. Ceramics provide insulators of the steatite group depending mainly on magnesium silicate, and of the rutile group, principally titanium dioxide, used in the construction of condensers. After shaping, both are fired and cannot afterwards be worked without difficulty. They are apt to absorb moisture which alters their properties. Certain waxes, for example, the chloronaphthalenes, have high dielectric constants and fairly low power factors. A table of dielectric constants, power factors, resistivities, mechanical and electrical strengths and softening temperatures for nearly thirty insulators is given.