Gazefinder as a clinical supplementary tool for discriminating between autism spectrum disorder and typical development in male adolescents and adults.
Gazefinder as a clinical supplementary tool for discriminating between autism spectrum disorder and typical development in male adolescents and adults.
复制标题
凉亭作为一种临床补充工具，用于区分自闭症谱系障碍和男性青少年和成人的典型发展。
DOI：
10.1186/s13229-016-0083-y
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Kosaka H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujioka T;Inohara K;Okamoto Y;Masuya Y;Ishitobi M;Saito DN;Jung M;Arai S;Matsumura Y;Fujisawa TX;Narita K;Suzuki K;Tsuchiya KJ;Mori N;Katayama T;Sato M;Munesue T;Okazawa H;Tomoda A;Wada Y;Kosaka H
凝视异常是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的诊断标准。然而，很少有易于使用的临床工具来评估ASD独特的眼睛注视模式。最近，我们开发了Gazefinder，这是一种用于早期检测幼儿ASD的一体化眼动跟踪系统。由于在不同的ASD年龄组中已经记录了异常的注视模式，我们预测Gazefinder也可能检测到青少年和成人的注视异常。在这项研究中，我们测试了Gazefinder是否可以识别患有ASD的青少年和成人的独特凝视模式。我们测量了分配给电影中描绘的特定对象的眼睛注视时间的百分比（即，人面部电影中的眼睛和嘴巴，同时呈现这些刺激的电影中的直立和倒置生物运动，以及同时呈现这些刺激的电影中的人和几何形状）。我们比较了两组（ASD和TD）之间的这些百分比以及社会反应量表（SRS）的得分。此外，我们进行了判别分析，以确定是否固定时间分配给特定的对象可以用来区分个体与非ASD。与TD组相比，ASD组在显著的社会信息位置（即，没有嘴唇运动的人脸电影中的眼睛和人和几何体电影中的人），而对有嘴唇运动或生物运动的人脸电影的反应没有显著的组间差异。在组内相关性分析中，一些注视时间项目与SRS相关，尽管大多数没有。ASD组和TD组均无与SRS显著相关的项目。对眼睛和人的注视时间百分比对ASD和TD的鉴别敏感性为81.0%，特异性为80.0%，对组间差异的效应量较大。这些研究结果表明，Gazefinder是一种潜在的有价值的和易于使用的工具，用于客观地测量独特的凝视模式和区分ASD和TD在男性青少年和成年人。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s13229-016-0083-y）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Gaze abnormality is a diagnostic criterion for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, few easy-to-use clinical tools exist to evaluate the unique eye-gaze patterns of ASD. Recently, we developed Gazefinder, an all-in-one eye-tracking system for early detection of ASD in toddlers. Because abnormal gaze patterns have been documented in various ASD age groups, we predicted that Gazefinder might also detect gaze abnormality in adolescents and adults. In this study, we tested whether Gazefinder could identify unique gaze patterns in adolescents and adults with ASD. We measured the percentage of eye fixation time allocated to particular objects depicted in movies (i.e., eyes and mouth in human face movies, upright and inverted biological motion in movies that presented these stimuli simultaneously, and people and geometry in movies that presented these stimuli simultaneously) by male adolescents and adults with ASD (N = 26) and age-matched males with typical development (TD; N = 35). We compared these percentages between the two groups (ASD and TD) and with scores on the social responsiveness scale (SRS). Further, we conducted discriminant analyses to determine if fixation times allocated to particular objects could be used to discriminate between individuals with and without ASD. Compared with the TD group, the ASD group showed significantly less fixation time at locations of salient social information (i.e., eyes in the movie of human faces without lip movement and people in the movie of people and geometry), while there were no significant groupwise differences in the responses to movies of human faces with lip movement or biological motion. In a within-group correlation analysis, a few of the fixation-time items correlated with SRS, although most of them did not. No items significantly correlated with SRS in both ASD and TD groups. The percentage fixation times to eyes and people, which exhibited large effect sizes for the group difference, could differentiate ASD and TD with a sensitivity of 81.0 % and a specificity of 80.0 %. These findings suggest that Gazefinder is potentially a valuable and easy-to-use tool for objectively measuring unique gaze patterns and discriminating between ASD and TD in male adolescents and adults. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0083-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.