Human white adipose tissue: A highly dynamic metabolic organ
Human white adipose tissue: A highly dynamic metabolic organ
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人类白色脂肪组织：一种高度动态的代谢器官
DOI：
10.1111/joim.13435
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发表时间：
2022-01-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ryden, Mikael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arner, Peter;Ryden, Mikael
最近的技术发展允许确定成年人脂肪细胞及其脂质的年龄。与先前的观点相反，这已经证明了脂肪细胞（10%/年）及其单室脂滴（6次/10年）的高周转率。脂肪细胞更新在肥胖症中增加，并且当脂肪组织由许多但很小的脂肪细胞组成时（增生，良性脂肪表型）。虽然脂肪量增加增加脂肪细胞的数量和大小，但只有后者在体重减轻后改变（减少），这可能有助于体重恢复。脂肪细胞脂质周转在体脂肪过多的受试者中减弱。在皮下区域，这种失调已经在超重状态下发生，而在内脏贮库中，仅在严重肥胖中观察到。这可以解释为什么后一个仓库在超重/肥胖状态下特别有害，因为它允许内脏脂肪和肝脏之间更快的脂质流动。由于储存的甘油三酯的分解（脂解）受损，脂肪脂质周转率在衰老过程中降低。如果这种下降不能通过减少脂肪细胞脂质摄取来补偿，体重将随时间增加。与此一致，低脂解率是未来体重增加和葡萄糖耐受不良的风险因素。在胰岛素抵抗和某些形式的血脂异常中，脂肪脂质周转也会降低。总之，成人脂肪组织处于高度动态状态。因此，脂肪细胞及其脂质周转的改变是常见代谢紊乱的病理生理学中需要考虑的新因素。
Recent technological developments have allowed determination of the age of fat cells and their lipids in adult humans. In contrast to prior views, this has demonstrated a high turnover rate of the fat cells (10%/year) and their unilocular lipid droplets (six times/10 years). Fat cell turnover is increased in obesity and when adipose tissue is composed of many but small adipocytes (hyperplasia, a benign adipose phenotype). While fat mass gain increases adipocyte number and size, only the latter is altered (decreased) after weight loss, which may facilitate weight regain. Fat cell lipid turnover is attenuated in subjects with excess body fat. In the subcutaneous region, this dysregulation occurs already in the overweight state while in the visceral depot, it is only observed in severe obesity. This may explain why the latter depot is particularly pernicious in the overweight/obese state as it allows for more rapid lipid fluxes between visceral fat and the liver. Adipose lipid turnover decreases during ageing due to impaired breakdown (lipolysis) of stored triglycerides. If this decline is not compensated by reduced adipocyte lipid uptake, bodyweight will increase over time. In concordance with this, low lipolysis rates are a risk factor for future weight gain and glucose intolerance. Adipose lipid turnover is also decreased in insulin resistance and certain forms of dyslipidemia. Altogether, adult human adipose tissue is in a highly dynamic state. Alterations in the turnover of fat cells and their lipids are therefore novel factors to consider in the pathophysiology of common metabolic disorders.