How Well Do We Understand the Long-Term Health Implications of Childhood Bullying?
How Well Do We Understand the Long-Term Health Implications of Childhood Bullying?
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DOI：
10.1097/hrp.0000000000000137
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Tye, Susannah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patricio Zarate-Garza, Pablo;Biggs, Bridget K.;Tye, Susannah J.
曾经被认为是一种无害的童年经历，现在被认为具有重大的心理影响，特别是长期暴露。欺凌行为的受害者面临着许多精神障碍的风险，越来越多的证据表明，欺凌行为的病理生理影响，以及其他形式的创伤和慢性压力，会造成额外的健康风险。我们回顾文献上已知的后遗症欺凌，包括心理和生理健康的影响，重点对受害者的影响。此外，由于现在已经确定，早期和长期暴露于压力对健康结果有显着的负面影响，我们探讨了这项研究的影响，在童年欺凌和受害。特别是，我们研究如何方面的压力反应，通过表观遗传，炎症和代谢介质，有能力损害心理和身体健康，并增加疾病的风险。迫切需要研究与欺凌有关的相关机制以及可能采取的干预措施，以降低发病率。
Once dismissed as an innocuous experience of childhood, bullying is now recognized as having significant psychological effects, particularly with chronic exposure. Victims of bullying are at risk for a number of psychiatric disturbances, and growing evidence suggests that the pathophysiological effects of bullying, as with other forms of trauma and chronic stress, create additional health risks. We review the literature on the known sequelae of bullying, including psychiatric and physiological health effects, with a focus on implications for the victim. In addition, since it is now well established that early and chronic exposure to stress has a significant negative impact on health outcomes, we explore the implications of this research in relation to bullying and victimization in childhood. In particular, we examine how aspects of the stress response, via epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic mediators, have the capacity to compromise mental and physical health, and to increase the risk of disease. Research on the relevant mechanisms associated with bullying and on potential interventions to decrease morbidity is urgently needed.