Highly stretchable electric circuits from a composite material of silver nanoparticles and elastomeric fibres
Highly stretchable electric circuits from a composite material of silver nanoparticles and elastomeric fibres
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DOI：
10.1038/nnano.2012.206
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
38.3
通讯作者：
Kim, Kinam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park, Minwoo;Im, Jungkyun;Kim, Kinam
导电电极和电路可以在大的机械变形下保持活动和电稳定性，这对于柔性显示器（1-3）、场效应晶体管（4,5）、能源相关设备（6,7）、智能服装(8)和执行器（9-11）等应用是非常理想的。然而，高导电性和可拉伸性似乎是相互排斥的参数。这个问题最有希望的解决方案是使用一维纳米结构，如涂在可拉伸织物上的碳纳米管和金属纳米线（12,13），具有波浪几何形状的金属条纹（14,15），嵌入导电填料的复合弹性体（16,17）以及液态金属和橡胶的互穿网络（18）。目前，大应变下的电导率值仍然过低，无法满足实际应用的要求。此外，在大面积上制作任意图案的能力也是可取的。在这里，我们介绍了一种银纳米粒子和橡胶纤维的导电复合垫，通过与任何基板兼容的制造工艺，可以形成高度可拉伸的电路，并可扩展到大面积应用。纳米银前驱体被电纺丝聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）橡胶纤维吸收，然后直接在纤维垫中转化为纳米银。纳米银在纤维内部的渗透导致高体积导电性，在大变形时保持高导电性（sigma在100%应变下约为2,200 S cm(-1)，对于150毫米厚的垫）。我们通过喷嘴印刷、喷墨印刷和前驱体溶液的喷雾印刷直接在电纺丝纤维垫上设计电路，并制造了高度可拉伸的天线、应变传感器和高度可拉伸的发光二极管作为应用实例。
Conductive electrodes and electric circuits that can remain active and electrically stable under large mechanical deformations are highly desirable for applications such as flexible displays(1-3), field-effect transistors(4,5), energy-related devices(6,7), smart clothing(8) and actuators(9-11). However, high conductivity and stretchability seem to be mutually exclusive parameters. The most promising solution to this problem has been to use one-dimensional nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and metal nanowires coated on a stretchable fabric(12,13), metal stripes with a wavy geometry(14,15), composite elastomers embedding conductive fillers(16,17) and interpenetrating networks of a liquid metal and rubber(18). At present, the conductivity values at large strains remain too low to satisfy requirements for practical applications. Moreover, the ability to make arbitrary patterns over large areas is also desirable. Here, we introduce a conductive composite mat of silver nanoparticles and rubber fibres that allows the formation of highly stretchable circuits through a fabrication process that is compatible with any substrate and scalable for large-area applications. A silver nanoparticle precursor is absorbed in electrospun poly (styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS) rubber fibres and then converted into silver nanoparticles directly in the fibre mat. Percolation of the silver nanoparticles inside the fibres leads to a high bulk conductivity, which is preserved at large deformations (sigma approximate to 2,200 S cm(-1) at 100% strain for a 150-mm-thick mat). We design electric circuits directly on the electrospun fibre mat by nozzle printing, inkjet printing and spray printing of the precursor solution and fabricate a highly stretchable antenna, a strain sensor and a highly stretchable light-emitting diode as examples of applications.