Emerging risks of non-native species escapes from aquaculture: Call for policy improvements in China and other developing countries
Emerging risks of non-native species escapes from aquaculture: Call for policy improvements in China and other developing countries
复制标题
非本地物种逃离水产养殖的新风险：呼吁中国和其他发展中国家改进政策
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13521
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发表时间：
2019-10-29
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Li, Bo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ju, Rui-Ting;Li, Xiao;Li, Bo
全球水产养殖严重依赖非本地水生物种的养殖(下称NAS)。NAS从水产养殖设施中逃逸可能导致严重的水生生物入侵，这是粮农组织蓝色增长倡议中的一个重要问题。然而，在大多数发展中国家，存在着关于NAS种植和逃逸的监管泥潭。我们讨论了水产养殖业的扩张和NAS的逃逸，说明了新出现的风险，并提出了改善发展中国家水产养殖管理的建议，特别是针对中国的建议。在中国，已知有68个国家保护区因反复泄漏或逃逸而成功在自然栖息地建立了野生种群；在68个国家保护区中，52个国家保护区对当地水生生态系统构成了风险。NAS逃亡者除了影响一国自身的生物多样性和生态系统功能外，还可能威胁到邻国共享水域的生物安全。政策含义。在中国和其他发展中国家，非本土水生物种的逃逸已经造成了不利的生态影响。然而，发展中国家目前的保护政策并没有充分认识到这个问题的重要性。为了保护生物多样性和支持粮农组织可持续水产养殖的目标，发展中国家现在应该采取负责任的行动，通过改进政策和管理来解决非农业生态系统的逃逸问题。具体地说，这些国家应该通过全面的立法，建立有效的机构和国家标准，并规划和加强综合研究和教育，以应对NAS逃逸的风险评估、预防、监测和控制。鉴于中国是世界上最大的水产养殖生产国，中国可以为其他发展中国家创造一个样板，提高全球水产养殖的生物安全和可持续性。
Global aquaculture relies heavily on the farming of non-native aquatic species (hereafter, NAS). NAS escapes from aquaculture facilities can result in serious aquatic bio-invasions, which has been an important issue in the FAO Blue Growth Initiative. A regulatory quagmire regarding NAS farming and escapes, however, exists in most developing countries. We discuss aquaculture expansion and NAS escapes, illustrate emerging risks and propose recommendations for improved aquaculture management across developing countries and particularly for China. In China, 68 NAS are known to have successfully established feral populations in natural habitats due to recurrent leakages or escapes; among the 68 NAS, 52 represent risks to native aquatic ecosystems. In addition to affecting a country's own biodiversity and ecosystem functions, NAS escapees can also threaten the biosecurity of shared waters in neighbouring countries. Policy implications. Non-native aquatic species (NAS) escapes have already had adverse ecological effects in China and other developing countries. The importance of this problem, however, is not adequately recognized by current conservation policies in developing countries. To conserve biodiversity and to support the goal of FAO's sustainable aquaculture, developing countries should now take responsible actions to address NAS escapes through policy and management improvements. Specifically, these countries should pass comprehensive legislation, establish effective agencies and national standards and planning and enhance integrated research and education to deal with risk assessment, prevention, monitoring and control of NAS escapes. Given that China is the world's largest aquacultural producer, China can create a model for other developing countries that will increase the biosecurity and sustainability of global aquaculture.