Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00290
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Cominelli F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basson A;Trotter A;Rodriguez-Palacios A;Cominelli F
许多综述讨论了炎症性肠病（IBD），特别是克罗恩病（CD）期间肠道微生物群组成的变化。然而，大多数研究通过关注疾病与饮食诱导的肠道微生物群组成改变之间的单变量联系来解决观察到的影响。这些影响可能反映了许多其他相互关联的（即，pantropic）机制，特别是关于各种细菌代谢物的平行激活机制，正在被阐明。然而，进展似乎受到各种难以研究的因素在粘膜水平上相互作用的阻碍。在这里，我们强调了一些值得考虑的因素，即：（1）宿主遗传学和饮食在改变肠道微生物组中的作用，反过来，次级代谢途径之间的串扰;（2）膳食脂肪量，脂肪酸组成，给药时间和途径对肠道微生物群落的影响以及微生物来源的脂肪酸的影响之间的相互依赖性;（3）饮食对胆汁酸组成的影响，以及胆汁酸对肠道微生物群的调节作用;（4）内源性和外源性肠道微量营养素和代谢物的影响;以及（5）考虑食物相关毒素和化学物质的需要，其可以引入混淆的免疫调节元素（例如，油和蛋白质中的抗氧化剂和植物化学物质）。这些概念，这不是相互排斥的，在这里说明特别强调生理上的相互关联的过程。
Numerous reviews have discussed gut microbiota composition changes during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease (CD). However, most studies address the observed effects by focusing on studying the univariate connection between disease and dietary-induced alterations to gut microbiota composition. The possibility that these effects may reflect a number of other interconnected (i.e., pantropic) mechanisms, activated in parallel, particularly concerning various bacterial metabolites, is in the process of being elucidated. Progress seems, however, hampered by various difficult-to-study factors interacting at the mucosal level. Here, we highlight some of such factors that merit consideration, namely: (1) the contribution of host genetics and diet in altering gut microbiome, and in turn, the crosstalk among secondary metabolic pathways; (2) the interdependence between the amount of dietary fat, the fatty acid composition, the effects of timing and route of administration on gut microbiota community, and the impact of microbiota-derived fatty acids; (3) the effect of diet on bile acid composition, and the modulator role of bile acids on the gut microbiota; (4) the impact of endogenous and exogenous intestinal micronutrients and metabolites; and (5) the need to consider food associated toxins and chemicals, which can introduce confounding immune modulating elements (e.g., antioxidant and phytochemicals in oils and proteins). These concepts, which are not mutually exclusive, are herein illustrated paying special emphasis on physiologically inter-related processes.