Social capital and health: implication for health promotion by lay citizens in Japan
Social capital and health: implication for health promotion by lay citizens in Japan
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DOI：
10.1177/1757975914547547
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Nakayama, Takeo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyamoto, Keiko;Iwakuma, Miho;Nakayama, Takeo
2009年，日本长滨市民响应一项以社区为基础的基因组流行病学研究，成立了一个非营利性组织，名为“长滨零组预防队列项目”（N0PCP）。该组织旨在利用公民的社会网络促进健康。《渥太华促进健康宪章》肯定了创造支持性环境和协调社会关系的重要性。支持性环境（基础设施）和社会关系（资源）作为社会资本的两个方面共同作用。本研究试图在个人和社区两级检查自评健康与社会资本之间的关系，并讨论适合当地情况的健康促进战略。2011年进行了一项横断面调查，使用了一份自我管理的邮寄问卷。社会资本指标包括对环境的支持（社会支持、邻里联系、非正式社会控制、邻里信任、一般信任和对地方的依恋）和社会关系（活动数量、邻里活动的参与、娱乐活动的参与以及与身体健康、心理健康和获取健康信息有关的社会杠杆）。社区层面的社会资本被计算为社区中属于高社会资本类别的个人的百分比。在个体水平上，参与娱乐活动、高度信任和与家庭成员讨论心理健康问题与自评健康呈正相关，而与熟人讨论心理健康问题与自评健康呈负相关。在社区层面上，高度支持性的环境对健康无益，而对地方的总体依恋与健康呈正相关。区域间健康差异不显著。这项研究的结果表明，健康促进活动的目标应该是通过个人网络促进共情友谊的形成，将需要支持的个人带到兼容的地方。地方依附应作为一种重要而有效的工具纳入活动中。
A non-profit organization was formed in 2009 by lay citizens of Nagahama, Japan in response to a community-based genome-epidemiologic study, the Nagahama Zero(0)-ji Prevention Cohort Project (N0PCP)'. This organization aims to promote health by taking advantage of citizens' social networks. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion affirms the importance of creating supportive environments and coordinating social relationships. Supportive environments (infrastructure) and social relationships (resources) work together as aspects of social capital. This study sought to examine the association between self-rated health and social capital, at both individual and neighborhood levels, and to discuss suitable health promotion strategies for local circumstances. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011, using a self-administered postal questionnaire. Social capital indicators included aspects of support in the environment (social support, neighborhood connectedness, informal social controls, neighborhood trust, general trust, and attachment to place) and social relationships (number of activities; participation in neighborhood activities; participation in recreational activities; and social leverage regarding physical health, mental health, and acquisition of health information). Neighborhood-level social capital was calculated as the percentage of individuals in a neighborhood in the high social capital' category. At the individual level, participation in recreational activities, high general trust, and discussion regarding mental health problems with family members were associated with self-rated health positively, whereas discussion of mental health problems with acquaintances had a negative correlation. At the neighborhood level, a highly supportive environment did not contribute to good health, whereas aggregated attachment to place had a positive correlation. There were no significant inter-regional health differences. The results of this study suggest that health promotion activities should aim at promoting the formation of empathetic friendships through individual networks, based on bringing individuals who need support to compatible places. Attachment to place should be incorporated into activities as an important and effective tool.