6 Postcranial and Locomotor Adaptations of Hominoids
6 Postcranial and Locomotor Adaptations of Hominoids
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6 类人猿的颅后和运动适应
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_34
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Ward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Ward
现存的类人猿适应了各种形式的前肢支配的树枝下的树上运动，并且共享与其运动行为的共享方面相关的形态学。随着中新世类人猿化石记录的不断扩大，古人类学家逐渐认识到，尽管有些共同的特征可能确实是同源的，但至少有一些几乎可以肯定是同源的。与亚洲和非洲类人猿相比，Sivapithecus的身体计划显然更原始，这表明至少有一些同型交配具有C.V. Ward(*)，密苏里大学，哥伦比亚，密苏里州，美国e-mail: wardcv@missouri.edu # sprger - verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 W。Henke， I. Tattersall（编），Handbook of paleanthropology, DOI: 10.1007/978-3- 6442 -39979-4_34 1363。此外，不断扩大的化石记录可能表明，在人科动物中，位置行为的多样性比以前所认识到的要大；例如，Pierolapithecus一直被认为表明悬挂运动与树栖四足行走相结合的进化，而Nacholapithecus的独特之处是其前肢扩大，但其他方面的身体计划都很原始。这些新化石揭示了变异是普遍存在的，对重建古人类进化史至关重要。此外，似乎越来越有可能的是，类人猿的许多后颅和运动特化可能是从比现存的人科动物更普遍的祖先进化而来的。这一认识对于解释人类起源的祖先形态是至关重要的。
Extant apes are adapted to various forms of below-branch forelimb-dominated arboreal locomotion and share morphologies associated with the shared aspects of their locomotor behaviors. With the expanding record of Miocene hominoid fossils, paleoanthropologists are coming to realize that although some shared characters may indeed be homologous, at least some almost certainly represent homoplasies. The apparently more primitive body plan of Sivapithecus than seen in Asian and African great apes indicates that at least some homoplasy has C.V. Ward (*) Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA e-mail: wardcv@missouri.edu # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 W. Henke, I. Tattersall (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_34 1363 occurred within these clades. Furthermore, the expanding fossil record may be indicating a greater diversity of positional behaviors within the Hominoidea than previously appreciated; for example, Pierolapithecus has been argued to indicate the evolution of suspensory locomotion in combination with arboreal quadrupedalism, and Nacholapithecus is unique with its enlarged forelimb but otherwise primitive body plan. These new fossils reveal that variation is prevalent and critical to appreciate for reconstructing hominoid evolutionary history. Furthermore, it seems increasingly likely that many postcranial and locomotor specializations of great apes may have evolved from ancestors that were more generalized than are living hominoids. This realization is critical for interpreting the ancestral morphology from which hominins were derived.