Established and Emerging Techniques for Characterising the Formation, Structure and Performance of Calcified Structures under Ocean Acidification
Established and Emerging Techniques for Characterising the Formation, Structure and Performance of Calcified Structures under Ocean Acidification
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DOI：
10.1201/9780429026379-2
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发表时间：
2019-08
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Susan C. Fitzer;V. B. Chan;Yuan Meng;K. C. Rajan;Michio Suzuki;C. Not;T. Toyofuku;Laura J. Falkenberg;M. Byrne;Ben P. Harvey;Pierre De Wit;M. Cusack;K. Gao;Paul D. Taylor;S. Dupont;J. Hall‐Spencer;V. Thiyagarajan
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文献类型：
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作者：
Susan C. Fitzer;V. B. Chan;Yuan Meng;K. C. Rajan;Michio Suzuki;C. Not;T. Toyofuku;Laura J. Falkenberg;M. Byrne;Ben P. Harvey;Pierre De Wit;M. Cusack;K. Gao;Paul D. Taylor;S. Dupont;J. Hall‐Spencer;V. Thiyagarajan
海洋酸化（OA）是海水pH值和碳酸钙（CaCO3）矿物质饱和度的下降，这导致了对珊瑚，牡蛎和贻贝等钙化生物的担忧，因为OA对它们的生物矿化，贝壳和骨骼产生了不利影响。一系列的细胞生物学，地球化学和材料科学的方法已被用来探索生物矿化。这些技术表明，不同物种对海水酸化的反应可能差异很大，但其潜在机制在很大程度上仍未得到解决。为了评估全球开放式存取的影响，研究人员需要应用跨学科开发的一系列工具，其中许多工具正在出现，尚未在此背景下使用。本文综述了可应用于研究OA诱导的生物矿化机制的改变及其对贝壳和骨骼的最终影响的技术。我们说明了如何在全球气候变化和OA的背景下，生物矿化的过程中，量化和监测。我们强调的基本原则，以及优点和缺点，建立，新兴和未来的技术OA研究人员。这些技术的结合将使一个整体的方法和更好地了解OA对生物矿化的潜在影响及其对海洋钙化和相关生态系统的后果。
Ocean acidification (OA) is the decline in seawater pH and saturation levels of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals that has led to concerns for calcifying organisms such as corals, oysters and mussels because of the adverse effects of OA on their biomineralisation, shells and skeletons. A range of cellular biology, geochemistry and materials science approaches have been used to explore biomineralisation. These techniques have revealed that responses to seawater acidification can be highly variable among species, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unresolved. To assess the impacts of global OA, researchers will need to apply a range of tools developed across disciplines, many of which are emerging and have not yet been used in this context. This review outlines techniques that could be applied to study OA-induced alterations in the mechanisms of biomineralisation and their ultimate effects on shells and skeletons. We illustrate how to characterise, quantify and monitor the process of biomineralisation in the context of global climate change and OA. We highlight the basic principles, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of established, emerging and future techniques for OA researchers. A combination of these techniques will enable a holistic approach and better understanding of the potential impact of OA on biomineralisation and its consequences for marine calcifiers and associated ecosystems.