Diversity and Ecology of Endophytic and Epiphytic Fungi of Tree Leaves in Japan: A Review
Diversity and Ecology of Endophytic and Epiphytic Fungi of Tree Leaves in Japan: A Review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-81-322-1575-2_1
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Osono
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Osono
叶球是作为一个整体的活叶，内生真菌和附生真菌分别在叶的内部和表面定殖。在本章中，我总结了在日本的树木活叶上的内生和附生叶际真菌的多样性和生态学的研究。根据1990年以来发表的45篇论文，迄今为止的研究已经在69个植物科的至少255种针叶和阔叶树的叶子上检测到内生菌和附生菌。这些研究记录了24个内生真菌属和22个附生真菌属。用于叶际真菌生态学研究的主要树木包括松树（Pinus）、山毛榉（Fagus）和山茱萸（Swida）。重点主题包括：（1）叶子的感染和定殖;（2）季节性和叶龄相关的时间变化模式;（3）各种尺度的空间分布，从叶内到冠层内，再到海拔和地理分布;（4）枯叶分解中的直接和间接作用;（5）与病原体和食草动物的相互作用以及模拟酸雨的影响。参考国际上关于内生和附生叶际真菌生态学的文献，提出了日本今后的研究方向。
The phyllosphere is the living leaf as a whole and is colonized by endophytic and epiphytic fungi in the interior and on the surface of leaves, respectively. In this chapter, I summarize studies on the diversity and ecology of endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi on live leaves of trees in Japan. Studies to date have detected endophytes and epiphytes on leaves of at least 255 coniferous and broad-leaved tree species in 69 plant families, according to 45 papers published since 1990. These studies have recorded 24 endophytic and 22 epiphytic genera of fungi. Major trees used in the ecological studies of phyllosphere fungi include pines (Pinus), beech (Fagus), and dogwood (Swida). Focal topics include (1) the infection and colonization of leaves; (2) seasonal and leaf age-dependent patterns of temporal changes; (3) spatial distribution at various scales, from within-leaf, to within-canopy, to altitudinal and geographic distributions; (4) direct and indirect roles in decomposition of dead leaves; and (5) interaction with pathogens and herbivores and effects of simulated acid rain. Future research directions in Japan are suggested and discussed with reference to international literature on the ecology of endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi.