The production of amines by bacteria I. The decarboxylation of amino-acids by strains of Bacterium coli
The production of amines by bacteria I. The decarboxylation of amino-acids by strains of Bacterium coli
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DOI：
10.1042/bj0340392
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发表时间：
1940-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Gale, EF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gale, EF
在14株大肠杆菌中，有12株使l（+）精氨酸脱羧生成精氨酸；12 l（[长折线]）组氨酸变为组胺；13 /(+)赖氨酸对尸胺；12l（+）鸟氨酸转化为腐胺，9l（+）谷氨酸转化为[γ]-丁酸。所涉及的脱羧酶在有限的pH范围内具有活性，精氨酸、组氨酸和谷氨酸的最佳值为4，赖氨酸为4.5，鸟氨酸为5。这些酶在一定温度下具有很强的耐热性。在20-25[度]以上和27[度]下生长的微生物活性明显高于37[度]。在最佳pH和30度的条件下，洗涤后的悬浮液对上述氨基酸进行了简单的定量脱羧反应，产生了被分离为苦味酸酯的相关胺，并进行了鉴定。为了获得活性悬浮液，微生物在添加2%葡萄糖的酪蛋白胰消化液中生长。葡萄糖被其他可发酵糖替代表明葡萄糖对氨基酸脱羧酶的产生没有特定的影响，但提供了酸的来源，控制因素是生长培养基的pH；在pH值为5的非碳水化合物培养基中生长的细菌比在含有葡萄糖的类似培养基中生长的细菌具有更高的活性。在所有情况下，在pH为7的非碳水化合物培养基中生长的生物体几乎没有脱羧酶活性，而在pH为5的培养基中生长的生物体的脱羧酶活性大大增加（20-100倍）。
Of 14 strains of Escherichia coli tested, 12 decarboxylated l( + )arginine to form agmatine; 12 l( [long dash] )histidine to histamine; 13 /(+) lysine to cadaverine; 12 l( + )ornithine to putrescine and 9 l( + )glutamic acid to [gamma]-obutyric acid. The decarboxylases involved were active over a restricted range of pH, having optimal values of 4 in the cases of arginine, histidine and glutamic acid, of 4.5 for lysine and 5 for ornithine. The enzymes were very thermolabile at temps. above 20-25[degree] and organisms grown at 27[degree] were markedly more active than those grown at 37[degree]. At the optimum pH and 30[degree], the washed suspensions carried out a simple quantitative decarboxylation of the ammo-acids mentioned, producing the corr. amines which were isolated as their picrates and identified. To obtain active suspensions, the organisms were grown in a tryptic digest of casein with 2% glucose added. Substitution of glucose by other fermentable sugars showed that glucose has no specific effect on the production of the amino-acid decarboxylasea, but acts by providing a source of acid, the controlling factor being the pH of the growth medium; bacteria grown at pH 5 in a non-carbohydrate medium having higher activities than those grown in a similar medium containing glucose. In all cases, organisms grown at pH 7 in non-carbohydrate media had little decarboxylase activity and this activity was greatly increased (20-100 X) by growing the organism at pH 5.