Particulate air pollution: major research methods and applications in animal models.
Particulate air pollution: major research methods and applications in animal models.
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DOI：
10.4103/ed.ed_16_18
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sun, Qinghua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shang, Yanan;Sun, Qinghua
环境空气污染由气态和固体颗粒化合物的异质混合物组成，其中一次颗粒物（如柴油烟尘）直接排放到大气中，而二次颗粒物则是通过物理化学转化产生的。颗粒物（PM），尤其是细颗粒物和超细颗粒物，可被吸入并沉积在肺泡腔中，进而进入血液循环。半个多世纪以来，人们已经知道高水平的空气污染物与人类疾病之间存在关联，越来越多的证据表明，颗粒物暴露与全身性疾病（如心血管和神经系统疾病）的发生发展密切相关。实验动物模型已被广泛用于研究环境暴露于环境颗粒物所导致的潜在机制。由于其可得性、质量、成本以及转基因品系等原因，啮齿动物模型得到了广泛应用。一些常见的暴露方法包括鼻内滴注、气管内滴注、仅鼻部吸入、全身吸入和静脉注射，本文对这些方法进行了综述，并简要总结了其操作、优点、局限性和应用。我们希望这将为推进有关空气污染、人类健康和疾病发展的实验研究提供有用的参考。
Ambient air pollution is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of gaseous and solid particle compounds in which primary particles are emitted directly into the atmosphere, such as diesel soot, while secondary particles are created through physicochemical transformation. Particulate matter (PM), especially fine and ultrafine particles, can be inhaled and deposited in the alveolar cavities and penetrate into circulation. An association between high levels of air pollutants and human disease has been known for more than half a century and increasing evidences demonstrate a strong link between exposure on PM and the development of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Experimental animal models have been extensively used to study the underlying mechanism caused by environmental exposure to ambient PM. Due to their availability, quality, cost, and genetically modified strains, rodent models have been widely used. Some common exposure approaches include intranasal instillation, intratracheal instillation, nose-only inhalation, whole-body inhalation, and intravenous injection have been reviewed with brief summary of its performance, merit, limitation, and application. We hope this would provide useful reference in advancing experimental researches about air pollution human health and disease development.