Scientific drilling projects in ancient lakes: Integrating geological and biological histories
Scientific drilling projects in ancient lakes: Integrating geological and biological histories
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.05.005
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
T. Wilke;B. Wagner;B. Bocxlaer;C. Albrecht;D. Arizteguí;Diana Delicado;A. Francke;M. Harzhauser;T. Hauffe;J. Holtvoeth;J. Just;M. Leng;Z. Levkov;K. Penkman;L. Sadori;A. Skinner;Björn Stelbrink;H. Vogel;F. Wesselingh;T. Wonik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Wilke;B. Wagner;B. Bocxlaer;C. Albrecht;D. Arizteguí;Diana Delicado;A. Francke;M. Harzhauser;T. Hauffe;J. Holtvoeth;J. Just;M. Leng;Z. Levkov;K. Penkman;L. Sadori;A. Skinner;Björn Stelbrink;H. Vogel;F. Wesselingh;T. Wonik
古老或长寿湖泊中的沉积序列可以达到数千米的厚度，并且经常提供湖泊区域气候，环境和生物历史的无与伦比的视角。在过去几年中，在古湖泊中的深钻项目变得越来越多-和跨学科的，除其他外，地震，沉积学，地球化学，气候，环境，古生物学和进化的信息可以从沉积物芯中获得。然而，这些多学科和跨学科的项目带来了一些挑战。参与的科学家通常从不同的科学角度和背景来处理问题，制定计划需要明确的沟通和利益的一致性。除了实际的钻井操作之外，最具挑战性的任务之一是将具有不同分辨率，数据质量和年龄不确定性的不同数据集联系起来，以综合和连贯地回答跨学科问题。当次要数据，即，将独立于钻井操作获得的数据集并入分析中。尽管如此，纳入次要信息，如从露头中发现的化石的同位素数据或现存物种的遗传数据，可能有助于获得综合答案。最近在古湖沼学的技术和方法的进步可能会增加整合二手信息的可能性。一些新方法已经开始彻底改变古湖泊的科学钻探，但与此同时，它们也为沉积物岩心数据的生成和分析增加了新的复杂性。因此，新的科学方法提供了更多的机会来研究这些湖泊的古湖沼学历史，这是以牺牲更高的物流，通信和分析工作为代价的。在这里，我们回顾了可以在古湖泊钻探项目中获得的数据类型，以及可以应用于经验和统计联系不同数据集以创建地质和生物数据综合视角的分析方法。在此过程中，我们强调了新方法和分析的优势和潜在弱点，并为未来的跨学科深钻项目提供了建议。
Sedimentary sequences in ancient or long-lived lakes can reach several thousands of meters in thickness and often provide an unrivalled perspective of the lake's regional climatic, environmental, and biological history. Over the last few years, deep-drilling projects in ancient lakes became increasingly multi- and interdisciplinary, as, among others, seismological, sedimentological, biogeochemical, climatic, environmental, paleontological, and evolutionary information can be obtained from sediment cores. However, these multi- and interdisciplinary projects pose several challenges. The scientists involved typically approach problems from different scientific perspectives and backgrounds, and setting up the program requires clear communication and the alignment of interests. One of the most challenging tasks, besides the actual drilling operation, is to link diverse datasets with varying resolution, data quality, and age uncertainties to answer interdisciplinary questions synthetically and coherently. These problems are especially relevant when secondary data, i.e., datasets obtained independently of the drilling operation, are incorporated in analyses. Nonetheless, the inclusion of secondary information, such as isotopic data from fossils found in outcrops or genetic data from extant species, may help to achieve synthetic answers. Recent technological and methodological advances in paleolimnology are likely to increase the possibilities of integrating secondary information. Some of the new approaches have started to revolutionize scientific drilling in ancient lakes, but at the same time, they also add a new layer of complexity to the generation and analysis of sediment-core data. The enhanced opportunities presented by new scientific approaches to study the paleolimnological history of these lakes, therefore, come at the expense of higher logistic, communication, and analytical efforts. Here we review types of data that can be obtained in ancient lake drilling projects and the analytical approaches that can be applied to empirically and statistically link diverse datasets to create an integrative perspective on geological and biological data. In doing so, we highlight strengths and potential weaknesses of new methods and analyses, and provide recommendations for future interdisciplinary deep-drilling projects.