Motivational salience produces hemispheric asymmetries in visual processing
Motivational salience produces hemispheric asymmetries in visual processing
复制标题
动机显着性导致视觉处理中的半球不对称
DOI：
10.1167/16.12.91
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Gupta R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gupta R
引言可靠地预示着奖励或惩罚者的可用性的刺激可以获得动机显着性，潜在地提高他们的能力，扰乱适当的注意力分配。目前，还不清楚奖励对视觉加工的影响以及大脑半球的不对称性是否与结果的积极效价有关（收益与损失）或更普遍地反映动机的突出性方法为了调查，我们要求参与者学习将特定的刺激与特定的刺激联系起来，（实验1和2中的面孔;实验3中的椅子）与适度的金钱奖励或惩罚者，发生的概率高或低。然后，我们集中提出了这些刺激之一（85毫秒）只是（100毫秒）之前，一个简单的字母视觉搜索任务。参与者被要求通过按下相应的键，而忽略的值学习stimulation.ResultsFace分心，以前曾高度预测的结果（奖励或惩罚）与那些预测结果放缓随后搜索出现在左侧的目标，而不是右，hemifield（实验1）。这一发现支持了右侧化的动机反应机制的概念，该机制与非情绪认知过程竞争控制。当分心物刺激在搜索任务中以侧面视角呈现而在学习任务中以正面视角呈现时，也观察到了同样的效果，这表明动机显著性作用于视角独立的表征（实验2）;当面孔刺激被椅子刺激所取代时，动机诱发的偏侧化偏向本身并不依赖于面孔加工（实验3）结论综合起来，我们的新发现揭示了高动机显著性刺激（与低水平相比）优先参与右半球的动机系统，无论效价如何（奖励与惩罚），这反过来又会影响注意力过程的招募，并减缓随后对中性视觉刺激的反应。
IntroductionStimuli that reliably herald the availability of rewards or punishers can acquire motivational salience potentially enhancing their ability to disrupt appropriate allocation of attention. Currently, it remains unclear whether reward effects on visual processing and any hemispheric asymmetry thereof are specific to the positive valence of outcomes (gain vs loss) or more generally reflect motivational salience (stimuli that are highly predictive of outcomes).MethodTo investigate we asked participants to learn to associate specific stimuli (faces in Experiment 1 & 2; chairs in Experiment 3) with modest monetary rewards or punishers that occurred with either a high or low probability. Then we centrally presented one of these stimuli (for 85 ms) just (100 ms) prior to a simple letter visual search task. Participants were required to detect the target by pressing the corresponding key while ignoring the value-learned stimuli.ResultsFace distractors that had previously been highly predictive of outcomes (rewarding or punishing) versus those less predictive of outcomes slowed subsequent search for targets appearing in the left, but not the right, hemifield (Experiment 1). This finding supports the notion of a right-lateralized, motivational response mechanism that competes for control with non-emotional cognitive processes. The same effect was also observed when distractor stimuli were presented in profile view during the search task but frontally during learning, indicating that motivational salience operates on view-independent representations (Experiment 2); and when face stimuli were replaced with chair stimuli demonstrating that the motivationally induced laterality bias is not dependent on face processing, per se (Experiment 3).ConclusionTaken together, our new findings reveal that highly motivational salient stimuli (compared to low) preferentially engage a right-hemisphere motivational system, regardless of valence (reward vs punishment), which can in turn impact the recruitment of attentional processes and slow subsequent responses to a neutral visual stimulus.