The Logic of Relative Frustration
The Logic of Relative Frustration
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-349-04381-1_5
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发表时间：
1977
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
R. Boudon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Boudon
这篇文章是理论性的，旨在为一场特殊的辩论做出贡献。这场辩论关注的是不平等与满足、物质丰富与满足之间的矛盾关系。事实上，古典社会学充满了这类自相矛盾的陈述。对于托克维尔来说，更大的平等往往会产生嫉妒的比较：当他们变得更平等时，个人会发现他们的不平等越来越难以忍受。c·赖特·米尔斯（C. Wright Mills）也提出了这个主题。对于迪尔凯姆来说，个人幸福的增加并不与可获得物品的数量成正比。幸福和财富之间的关系呈倒u型曲线的形式：在某一特定最佳满意度的这一侧及以上，满意度会下降。同样，对于托克维尔来说，当每个人的机会开始开放和改善时，不满和沮丧可能会增加。在马里恩塔尔，拉扎斯菲尔德观察到托克维尔定理的反面：当一个人的未来被封锁时，对社会制度的指责可能很弱。斯托弗的研究表明，个人很可能会对他们所属的社会体系越来越不满，因为这个社会体系通常会为他们提供更好的成功和晋升机会。
This text, theoretical in nature, is intended as a contribution to a particular debate. This debate is concerned with the paradox in there being a relation between both inequality and satisfaction and material plenty and satisfaction. In fact classical sociology is full of paradoxical statements of this sort. For Tocqueville greater equality tends to produce envious comparisons: as they become more equal individuals find their inequality harder and harder to bear. C. Wright Mills has also taken up this theme. For Durkheim individual happiness does not increase in direct ratio to the quantity of available goods. The relation between happiness and goods has the form of a reversed U-shaped curve: on this side of and beyond a particular optimum satisfaction decreases. Again, for Tocqueville, dissatisfaction and frustration may grow when each person’s opportunities begin to open out and improve. In Marienthal, Lazarsfeld observes the converse of Tocqueville’s theorem: when an individual’s future is blocked, recriminations against the social system may well be weak. Stouffer’s works show that individuals may well grow more discontented with the social system to which they belong as it offers them what are, on average, better opportunities for success and promotion.