The pairwise velocity difference of over 2000 BHB stars in the Milky Way halo

The pairwise velocity difference of over 2000 BHB stars in the Milky Way halo
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银河系晕中2000多颗BHB恒星的成对速度差

DOI:
10.1088/1674-4527/9/11/006
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发表时间:
2009-08
期刊:
RAA
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
薛香香
薛香香
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
薛香香

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分层星系形成模型预测,像我们的银河系这样的星系延伸的恒星晕显示出大量由卫星破裂而产生的子结构。在银河系的恒星晕中,空间子结构可以被直接观察到并被量化。相空间守恒意味着位置速度空间中应该存在子结构。在这里,我们的目标是使用最先进的数据集来量化这种位置速度子结构,该数据集包含超过 2000 颗蓝色水平分支 (BHB) 恒星,并具有来自 SDSS 的光度测量和光谱分析。对于动态冷流(“年轻”流)中的恒星,我们期望物理上接近的物体对也具有相似的速度。因此,我们应用行之有效的“成对速度差”(PVD) 统计<|ΔVlos|> (Δr),其中我们预计 <|ΔVlod|> 对于较小的间隔 Δr 会下降。我们计算 SDSS BHB 样本的 PVD,发现 <|ΔVlos|> (Δr) ≈ const.,即没有这样的信号。通过对 Bullock 和 Johnston 的模拟进行模拟观察并应用相同的统计数据,我们表明,对于单独的、动态年轻的流或此类流的组合,<|ΔVlod|> 对于小距离间隔 Δr 会下降,正如定性预期的那样。然而,对于一组真实的完整光晕流,成对的速度差没有显示任何信号,因为模拟的光晕主要由“动态旧的”相位混合流主导。我们的研究结果表明,SDSS DR6 中的稀疏采样和样本大小仍然不足以使用位置速度子结构进行严格的定量数据模型比较。因此,必须探索替代统计数据,并且需要专门研究银河系结构的更密集采样的调查,例如 LAMOST。
Models of hierarchical galaxy formation predict that the extended stellar halos of galaxies like our Milky Way show a great deal of sub-structure, arising from disrupted satellites. Spatial sub-structure is directly observed, and has been quantified, in the Milky Way's stellar halo. Phase-space conservation implies that there should be sub-structure in position-velocity space. Here, we aim to quantify such position-velocity sub-structure, using a state-of-the art data set having over 2000 blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars with photometry and spectroscopy from SDSS. For stars in dynamically cold streams (“young" streams), we expect that pairs of objects that are physically close also have similar velocities. Therefore, we apply the well-established “pairwise velocity difference" (PVD) statistic 〈|ΔVlos|〉 (Δr), where we expect 〈|ΔVlod|〉 to drop for small separations Δr. We calculate the PVD for the SDSS BHB sample and find 〈|ΔVlos|〉 (Δr) ≈ const., i.e. no such signal. By making mock-observations of the simulations by Bullock & Johnston and applying the same statistic, we show that for individual, dynamically young streams, or assemblages of such streams, 〈|ΔVlod|〉 drops for small distance separations Δr, as qualitatively expected. However, for a realistic complete set of halo streams, the pair-wise velocity difference shows no signal, as the simulated halos are dominated by “dynamically old" phase-mixed streams. Our findings imply that the sparse sampling and the sample sizes in SDSS DR6 are still insufficient to use the position-velocity sub-structure for a stringent quantitative data-model comparison. Therefore, alternate statistics must be explored and much more densely sampled surveys, dedicated to the structure of the Milky Way, such as LAMOST, are needed.
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发表时间: 2001-11
期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子: --
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发表时间: 2003-01
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发表时间: 1999-05
期刊: The Astronomical Journal
影响因子: --
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