Governing International Spaces: Antarctica and Beyond
Governing International Spaces: Antarctica and Beyond
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管理国际空间：南极洲及其他地区
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Young
南极条约体系（ATS）是二十世纪最成功的安排之一，旨在解决国际层面的治理需求，从而为缺乏政府的社会提供治理，即一个超国家机构，该机构有权做出对其各个成员具有约束力的决策。这使得 ATS 不仅引起了那些关心南极洲本身命运的人们的强烈兴趣，也引起了那些有兴趣解决产生国际层面治理需求的其他广泛问题的人们的强烈兴趣。在本章中，我以苯丙胺类兴奋剂案例为出发点，对国际空间治理相关问题进行更广泛的评估，换句话说，对国际社会中个别国家管辖范围之外的区域和资源的治理问题进行更广泛的评估。我的论证如下。第一个实质性部分涉及国际空间的性质，并提供有关其位置和范围的一些摘要信息。下一节讨论国际空间的法律和政治地位，并介绍该领域的新兴概念，例如“人类共同遗产”。在国际空间中发生或影响国际空间的人类活动的治理需求的来源是下一节的重点。倒数第二部分的主题是讨论为国际空间提供治理的选项，特别是随着人类对这些空间的使用增加而出现的创新方法。结论部分对国际空间治理的未来方向进行了简要评论。
The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is one of the most successful arrangements created during the twentieth century to address the need for governance at the international level and, therefore, to supply governance in a society that lacks a government in the sense of a supranational body endowed with the authority to make decisions binding on its individual members. This makes the ATS a subject of intense interest not only to those concerned with the fate of Antarctica itself but also to those interested in addressing a wide range of other issues generating a need for governance at the international level. In this chapter, I take the case of the ATS as a point of departure for a broader assessment of issues relating to the governance of international spaces or, in other words, regions and resources that lie beyond the jurisdictional reach of individual states in international society. My argument proceeds as follows. The first substantive section deals with the nature of international spaces and provides some summary information concerning their location and extent. The next section discusses the legal and political status of international spaces and introduces emerging concepts in this realm, such as the “common heritage of humankind.” The sources of the need for governance regarding human activities taking place in international spaces or affecting international spaces are the focus of the following section. A discussion of the options for supplying governance for international spaces with particular reference to innovative approaches emerging as human uses of these spaces rise is the theme of the penultimate section. The concluding section provides a brief commentary on future directions in the governance of international spaces.