Recent Work on Pain
Recent Work on Pain
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DOI：
10.1093/analys/any055
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Corns, Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Corns, Jennifer
疼痛是日常生活中无处不在的特征，所以找到关于疼痛的丰富的日常智慧也就不足为奇了。我们认为，疼痛是在身体的某些部位感觉到的，通常是那个部位出了问题。疼痛是不愉快的，有不同程度的强度。在其他条件相同的情况下，我们采取行动减轻痛苦，而在其他条件相同的情况下，造成痛苦是错误的。在我们的日常交往中，我们把这些以及更多关于疼痛的说法视为理所当然。因此，在各个学科中发现关于疼痛本质的困惑和分歧可能会令人惊讶。但这确实是我们的发现。对于科学家来说——从生物学家到心理学家，再到神经学家——尽管已经了解了很多，但争议仍然存在：任何所谓的疼痛系统、过程、机制、区域或激活模式都是有争议的。因此，对于临床医生来说，疼痛仍然是一个有问题的疾病实体，只有通过主观报告才能有效地识别。虽然关于疼痛本质的争议性问题本身就引起了哲学家的兴趣，但进一步的进展有望为许多相关的理论和实践调查做出贡献。以下内容包含了对近代史的介绍，与之相对的是，关于疼痛本质的当代分析哲学理论化目前正在发生，三种已经出现的说法主导了理论化和总结反思。
Pain is a ubiquitous feature of everyday life, so it is unsurprising to find a rich corpus of everyday wisdom about it. Pains, we believe, are felt in certain parts of the body and, typically, something is wrong with that felt place. Pains are unpleasant and come in different degrees of intensity. Other things being equal, we act to alleviate our pains and, other things being equal, it is wrong to cause them. We take these and many more claims about pain for granted in our everyday interactions. It may, then, be surprising to find puzzlement and disagreement about the nature of pain across the disciplines. But this indeed is what we find. For the scientist–from the biologist, to the psychologist, to the neuroscientist–while much has been learned, controversy remains: any purported pain system, process, mechanism, area or activation pattern is controversial. Accordingly, for the clinician, pain remains a problematic disease entity that is only validly identified through subjective report. While the controversial questions concerning pain’s nature are of interest to the philosopher in their own right, progress further promises to contribute to the many related theoretical and practical inquiries to which they are relevant. The following contains an introduction to the recent history against which contemporary, analytic philosophical theorizing about the nature of pain currently takes place, three accounts that have emerged to dominate that theorizing, and concluding reflections.